CONTENTS. v 



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PAGE 



The Eocene Vegetation 226 



The temperate (?) flora of the earliest Eocene, 226. The 

 tropical ( ?) flora of the Middle Eocene, 226. The flora as 

 food-supply, 227. 



The Land Animals. . . . 228 



The undifferentiated nature of the early Eocene placentals, 

 228. The main herbivorous line, 230. Side branches that 

 became extinct, 232. The divergence of the ungulates into 

 odd- and even-toed, 233. The deployment of the artiodactyls, 

 236. The development of the carnivores, 236. The emergence 

 of the edentates, 238. The ancestral rodents, 238. The primi- 

 tive insectivores, 239. The primates (Quadrumana), 239. 

 The mammals go down to sea, 239. The non-placentals, 240. 

 The birds, 240. The reptiles and amphibians, 240. The 

 insect life, 240. 



The Marine Life 241 



The Oligocene Epoch 242 



Formations and Physical History 242 



In North America 242 



Foreign 248 



Europe, 248. Amber, 251. Bohnerz, 252. Other con- 

 tinents, 252. 



The Life of the Oligocene 252 



The vegetation, 252. The land animals, 253. The marine 

 life, 257. 



CHAPTER XVII. 



THE MIOCENE PERIOD. 



Formations and Physical History 258 



The Atlantic coast, 258. The Brandon formation, 261. 

 The Gulf coast, 261. The Pacific coast, 262. Non-marine 

 deposits, 264. Igneous activity during the Miocene, 270. 

 Close of the Miocene, 273. 



Foreign 276 



Europe, 276. Close of the Miocene in Europe, 279. Other 

 continents, 280. Arctic latitudes and climate, 281. 



The Life of the Miocene 282 



The Land Plants 282 



