VI CONTENTS. 



PAGE 



Close of the Period 161 



General movements, 162. Orogenic movements, 162. 

 Faulting, 164. Igneous eruptions, 167. 



Upper Cretaceous of Other Continents 167 



Europe, 167. Asia, 170. Africa, 171. South America, 

 171. Australia, 171. 



Climate 172 



Life of the (Upper) Cretaceous 172 



The Land Life 172 



The vegetation, 173. The land animals, 175. The 

 dinosaurs, 176. Turtles, lizards, snakes, and crocodiles, 178. 

 The pterosaurs, 179. The slight progress of the mammals, 179. 



The Sea Life 180 



The sea saurians, 180. The sea serpents, 180. The sea 

 turtles, 180. The sea birds, 182. The seaward movement, 

 185. The marine fishes, 185. The marine invertebrates, 186. 

 Special faunas, 187. 



THE CENOZOI C ERA. 

 CHAPTER XVI. 



THE EOCENE PERIOD. 



Introductory: Basis of Cenozoic Classification 191 



Formations and Physical History of Eocene Period 196 



The Eastern Coast : 198 



The Atlantic coast, 198. The Gulf border, 199. Western 

 Gulf region, 200. 



The Pacific Coast ". 200 



Marine beds, 201. Brackish-water beds, 202. North of 

 Washington, 203. Terrestrial formations, 204. Igneous 

 activity, 212. 



General Considerations 212 



Close of the Eocene in North America 214 



Foreign 215 



Europe, 215. Other continents, 219. General geography 

 of the Eocene, 220. Close of the Eocene, 221. 



The Eocene Life • . • • 221 



The Transition from the Mesozoic to the New Era 221 



