78 GEOLOGY. 



Madagascar, seem to have been parts of the same marine province at 

 this time. 1 



Australia. — The Lias is known both in New Zealand and Borneo, 

 but Australia was probably land during this epoch. The Middle Jura 

 is known in New Zealand, New Guinea, and in western Australia, where 

 clastic beds rest unconformably on much older rocks. 2 In Queensland, 

 non-marine Jurassic formations are known. The rocks are largely 

 clastic and include valuable beds of coal. 3 



Central and South America. — The Lias is well developed in Mexico, 

 Peru, and the Bolivian Andes, Chili, and Argentina, and in the last- 

 named country it contains coarse conglomerates and volcanic tuffs. 4 

 The Middle Jura occurs in Bolivia and Argentina, while the Upper Jura 

 is wide-spread in Mexico, and occurs in Chili and Argentina. 



Coal. 



Coal of considerable value is somewhat widely distributed in the 

 Jurassic formation. Besides that in the Lias of Hungary, it occurs 

 in the Caucasian region, Persia, Turkestan, southern Siberia, China, 

 Japan, and Farther India, in many of the islands southeast of Asia, 

 and in Australia and New Zealand. In the last-named country, the 

 coal-bearing formations are interbedded with marine strata, suggesting 

 considerable oscillations of level. In most of these countries, the 

 coal is Liassic. Outside of North America, it is probable that no 

 other system, except that of the Carboniferous, contains so large an 

 amount of coal as the Jurassic. 



Geography of the Jurassic Period. 



From the distribution of Jurassic strata, and from the study of 

 their fossils, it has been possible to draw many inferences concerning 

 the distribution of land and water during the period. From such 

 data, Neumayr has attempted to outline 5 in a general way the land 

 and water areas of that stage of the Jurassic period when the sea was 

 most wide-spread. One of the striking things shown by his map is 



1 De Lapparent, op. cit., pp. 1178, 1205, 123G. 



2 Idem, pp. 1084, 1101, 1145. 

 8 Geikie, op. cit., p. 1161. 



4 Kayser, Geologische Formationskunde, p. 382. 



5 Erdegeschichte, Vol. II, p. 336. 



