THE MIOCENE PERIOD. 295 



Europe, Ptychosalpinx, Ilyanassa, and Tritia in America. The Melanopsis of 

 Europe is paralleled by the Bulliopsis of America. 



" Among the Taenioglossa, Turritella is conspicuous in both continents; 

 a form of Cassis (Cassidaria or Sconsia) is equally present. Cyprcea is more 

 numerous in Europe, but represented in both regions; Pyrula occurs in both, 

 more abundantly in Europe ; as do the various types of Tritoniidce, such as Septa, 

 Lotoriwn, and Ranella. Pyrazus is more abundant in Europe and the Calyp- 

 tmida in America. 



" Among the Rhipidoglossa, Calliostoma is more representative in America 

 and Gibbula in Europe. 



" Turning to the bivalves we find an equally noticeable parallelism. In Europe 

 Glycymeris, Barbatia, and Scapharca are very characteristic, as they are in America. 

 Ostrea is large and numerous, large Pectens occur, though the latter are per- 

 haps less characteristic of the Miocene than in America. 



" The conspicuous place of the Cardiums in our Miocene is hardly filled by 

 the species in the European faunas, where also we find a notable number of Iso- 

 cardia. Mactra in Europe is represented by Spisula in America. Panopea 

 is about equally conspicuous in both, Cardita more so in Europe, Astarte in America. 

 Corbula and Saxicava are equally common to both regions. The very character- 

 istic Mytiloconcha occurs in both. A host of uncharacteristic forms, such as 

 Nuculidoe, Abra, Tellina, Ensis, Macrocallista, Timoclea, Lima, Phacoides, etc., 

 are common to both, but in Europe Venerupis, Paphia, Eastonia, Lutraria, 

 Cardilia, Pecchiolia, Congeria, and Adacna are found with no American Miocene 

 equivalents. Crassatellites, Crassinella, Agriopoma, Rangia, Mulinia, Melina, 

 occupy the same, or nearly the same, position on the western continent, where 

 the giant species of Venus make their first appearance. 



" In a general way, allowing for local peculiarities, the Miocene fauna of 

 North Germany compares well and agrees closely with that of Maryland, while 

 the Mediterranean Miocene finds a closer analogue in the more tropical fauna 

 of the Duplin beds of the Carolinas. We have not in .America any equivalent, 

 faunally, of the Congeria beds of the Upper Miocene of eastern Europe." 



