370 GEOLOGY. 



the kame material, originally deposited against steep faces of the ice 

 must have slumped notably. 



Much of the material entering into the make-up of kames had not 

 been carried far, and was, therefore, not well water-worn. Not rarely 

 its constituents retain glacial striae. These characteristics of the 

 material of kames gave rise to the descriptive designation " hillocks 

 of angular gravel and disturbed stratification." l 



Kames, developed at the edge of the ice during its advance, were 

 over-ridden or destroyed as the ice pushed on over them; but kames 

 developed at the edge of the ice at its most advanced stage and during 

 its retreat, were not destroyed by the ice, and many of those formed 

 in such situations by the later ice-sheets, and especially by the last, 

 are still in existence. 2 



In regions of strong relief, ice often occupied deep valleys, after 

 it disappeared from the intervening ridges. In such situations the 

 ice sometimes seems to have lost vigorous motion, and drainage along 

 its sides gave rise to deposits of stratified drift (Fig. 500), which after 



1 Am. Jour. Sci., Vol. XXVII, 1884, p. 378. 



2 References touching Kames and Eskers: Hitchcock, Elementary Geology, 1857, 

 pp. 260-3; Shaw, 111. Geol. Surv., Vol. V (1873), pp. 107-110; Minn. Geol. Surv., 

 Vol. I (1884); Newberry, Geol. Surv., Ohio, Vol. II (1874), pp. 41-6; Vol. Ill, 

 (1878), pp. 40-2; Lindemuth, ibid., p. 503; Upham, Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., 

 1876, pp. 216-225, Amer. Jour. Sci., Vol. XIV (1877), p. 459, Geol. of N. H... Vol. Ill 

 (1878), pp. 3-176, and Amer. Geol., Vol. VIII (:891), p. 321; Chamberlin, Geol. 

 of Wis., Vol. II (1877), Third Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1881-82, p. 299, and 

 Amer. Jour. Sci., Vol. XXVII (1884), pp. 378-390; Cook, N. J. Geol. Surv. (1888), 

 p. 116; Wright, Proc. Bos. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XX (1878-80), pp. 210-220, and 

 Ice Age in North America; McGee, Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., Vol. XXVII (1878), 

 pp. 198-231, and Eleventh Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv., 1889-90; Stone, Proc. Bos. 

 Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XX (1880), pp. 430-469, and Mono. XXXIV, U. S. Geol. Surv.; 

 Dana, Amer. Jour. Sci , Vol. XXII (1881), pp. 451-468, Vol. XXIII (1882), pp. 179, 

 360, and Vol. XXIV (1882), p. 98; Hitchcock, Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., Vol. 

 XXXI (1884), p. 388; Lewis, Rept. State Geol. Surv. Penn.,Rept. Brit. Assoc. Adv. 

 Sci., 1884, p. 720, and Proc. Phil. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1885, pp. 157-173; Shaler, Proc. 

 Bos. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXIII (1884), pp. 36-44, Ninth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. 

 Surv. (1887-88), pp. 549-550, and Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Vol. XVI, pp. 203-5; 

 Winchell, Minn. Geol. Surv., Vol. I (1884), pp. 388, 665; Ells, Ann. Rept. Geol. Surv. 

 Can. (1885), p. 653; Hoist, Amer. Nat., Vol. XXII (1888), p. 589; Crosby, Physical 

 History of Boston Basin, 1889; Chapin, Trans. Meriden Sci. Assoc, Jan. 1891; Salis- 

 bury, Ann. Rept. N. J. Geol. Surv., 1891, pp. 89-92, and Glacial Geol. of N. J., 1902; 

 Russell, Amer. Geol., Vol. XII (1893), p. 232; Gulliver, Jour. Geol., Vol. I (1893), 

 pp. 803-812; Davis, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., Vol. I, pp. 195-202, and Proc. Boston Soc 

 Nat, Hist., Vol. XXV., pp. 478-499; Bouve, ibid., p. 173. 



