618 



INDEX. 



Spiral nebulae, motions of, ii, 43 



origin of, ii, 58 

 Spirifer acuminatus, ii, 462, 465 



arenosus, ii, 458, 465 



biplicatus, ii, 520 



cameratus, ii, 615, 616, 617 



disjunctus,ii,475,476,520,5i5 



increbescens, ii, 53Z 



logani, ii, 525 



micropleurus, ii, 455 



marionensis, ii, 520, 521 



murchisoni, ii, 458 



niagarensis, ii, 403 



pennatus, ii, 471 



radiatus, ii, 403, 409 



striatus, ii, 525, 528 



suborbicularis, ii, 525 



tullius, ii, 475, 476 

 Spiriferina, ii, 531, 615; iii, 57 



kentuckiensis, ii, 616, 617 



spinosa, ii, 532 

 Sp'rifers, Devonian, ii, 475 



Genevieve, ii, 531 



Hamilton, ii, 472 



Mississippian, ii, 531 



Onondagan, ii, 464 



Pennsylvanian, ii, 615 



Silurian, ii, 404 

 Spirorbis, iii, 294 

 Spisula, iii, 295 



(Hemimactra) marylandica, 

 iii, 292 

 Spits, i, 357 

 Spokane shale, iii, 569 

 Sponges, Cambrian, ii, 287 



Devonian, ii, 467 



Jurassic, iii, 85 



Osage, ii, 525 



Ordovician, ii, 363 



secretions of, i, 661 



Silurian, ii, 408 



Triassic, iii, 57 

 Spongiten Kalk, iii, 85 

 Sporadosiderites, i, 5 

 " Spouting horn," i, 351 

 Spring Creek black shale and 



limestone, ii, 562; iii, 560 

 Spring deposits, Pleistocene, iii, 



446 

 Springer, F., (and Wachsmuth,) 



cited, ii, 400, 523, 526 

 Springs, i, 235 



Spurr, J. E., cited, ii, 308, 390, 

 436, 506, 552; iii, 67, 250 

 Spy, men of, iii, 326 

 Squalodon, iii, 294 

 Squaloraja polyspondyla, iii, 87 

 Squamata, iii, 42, 43, 180 

 Squatina speciosa, iii, 86 

 Squatinidae, iii, 85 

 Stalactite, i, 437, 473 



formation of, i, 227 

 Stala^nite, i, 437, 473 

 Sta-npiaa stage of Oligocene, iii, 



250 

 Stanton, J. W. , cited, iii, 108, 1 18, 

 119, 134, 160, 242 ; (and Dil- 

 ler), iii, 122; (and Hatcher), 

 iii, 152; and (Knowlton), 

 iii, 159 



Stapff, F. M., cited, i, 388 

 Star Peak formation, iii, 28, 70 

 Starfishes, Mississippian, ii, 523 

 Silurian, ii, 401 

 Triassic, iii, 57 

 Stassfurt, salts of, ii, 630 

 State Quarry beds, ii, 432; iii, 555 

 Staurocephalus, ii, 411 



murchisoni, ii, 403 

 Staurolite, i, 466 

 Steam from volcanoes, i, 635 

 Steatite, i, 431, 466, 473 

 Stegosauria, iii, 97, 99 

 Stegosaurus, iii, 100 

 Stehlin, H. G., cited, iii, 284 

 Steinman, G., (and Moricke.) 



cited, iii, 281 

 Stellar collision, ii, 53 

 Steneofiber, iii, 253 

 Stenotheca rugosa, ii, 284 

 Stephanites superbus, iii, 54 

 Sterculia, iii, 173 



mucronata, iii, 174 

 Stereospondyli, iii, 42 

 Stereosternum, ii, 649 

 Sternbergia, ii, 601 

 Stevenson, D., cited, i, 341, 344, 



37o 

 Stevenson, J. J., cited, ii, 580; 



iii, 382 

 Stigmaria, ii, 600, 602 

 Stockton formation, iii, 10 

 Stoek, H. H., cited, ii, 546 

 Stoliczka, F., cited, iii, 171 

 Stone, G. H., cited, iii, 334, 

 361, 37o. 372, 375. 379, 403, 

 494 

 Stoney, G. Johnstone, cited, ii, 



92,93 

 Stoping, i, 632 

 Storrs, L. S., cited, iii, 159 

 Stoss side, i, 299 

 Strachey, R., cited, i, 51 

 Strata of Alabama, section of, iii, 

 45i 

 of Arizona, section of, iii, 575 

 of Arkansas, sections of, ii, 



562; iii, 560 

 of Black Hills, section of, iii, 



566 

 of California, section of, iii, 577 

 of Colorado, sections of, ii, 



563; iii, 57o, 572 

 of Eureka District, Nevada, 



section of, iii, 576 

 of Grand Canyon region, sec- 

 tion of, iii, 574 

 of Indian Territory, section of, 



iii, 562 

 of Indiana, section of, iii, 556 

 of Iowa, section of, iii, 558 

 of Kentucky, section of, ii, 560 

 of Massachusetts, section of, 



iii, 546 

 of Michigan, section of, iii, 553 

 of Missouri, sect' on of, ii, 561 

 of Montana, section of, iii, 568 

 of Nebraska, section of, iii, 564 

 of Ohio, sections of, ii, 560; 

 iii, 554, 555 



Strata of Pennsylvania, section 

 of, ii, 557 

 of Tennessee, section of, iii, 



549,55o, 552 

 of Texas, section of, ii, 562 

 of Virginia, section of, iii, 548 

 of Washington, section of, iii, 



578 

 of West Virginia, sections of, 



ii.558, 559; iii, 548 

 of Wyoming, section of, iii, 565 

 Stratification i, 486 

 Stratified rocks, i, 14 

 Stratigraphic geology, i, 1 

 Stratigraphy and fossils, i, 647 

 and paleontology, i, 647; ii, 

 242 

 Straw formation, ii, 563 

 Stream erosion, i, 56-177 

 economic effects of, i, 108 

 influenced by declivity, i, 123 

 influenced by rock, i, 124 

 influenced by structure, i, 125, 



127 

 topography developed by, i, 92 

 Streams, abrasion by, i, 119 

 adjustment of, i, 146, 147 



in Appalachians, i, 148 

 affected by rotation of earth, i, 



194 

 aggradational work of, i, 177- 



204 

 antecedent, i, 169, 171 

 characteristics of aggrading, i, 



179, 187 

 compared with glaciers, i, 262 

 consequent, i, 78 

 corrasion by, i, 119 

 cross-currents in, i, 117 

 decrease in size of, i, 179, 180 

 deposition by, i, 177 

 drowning of, i, 170 

 effect of change of level on, i, 



161, 171 

 erosion by, i, 57-177 

 floods of, i, 109 

 ice of, i, 118 

 intermittent, i, 71, 72 

 mature, i, 86 



mechanical work of, i, 226 

 migration from synclines to 



anticlines, i, 159 

 mineral matter in solution in, 



1,225 

 old age of, i, 89 

 overloading of, i, 178, 179, 186 

 permanent, i, 70 

 piracy of, i, 103 

 ponding of, i, 171 

 relation of width to meander 



belt, i, 193 

 solution by, i, 108, 122 

 sources of, i, 178 

 struggle for existence among, 



i, 100 

 superglacial and englacial de- 

 posits of, iii, 376 

 superimposed, i, 150 

 topographic adjustment of, i» 

 162, 163, 197 



