378 



COAL — FOSSIL FOKESTS IN NOVA SCOTIA. [Ch. XXIV. 



evidently entered together with sediment after the trunk had decayed and 

 become hollow, and while it was still standing under water. Thus the tree, 

 a b, fig. 493, the same which is represented at a, fig. 494, or in the bed e in 

 the larger section, fig. 492, is a hollow trunk 5 feet 8 inches in length, tra- 

 versing various strata, and cut off at the top by a layer of clay 2 feet thick 



Fig. 493 



Fossil tree at right angles to planes of stratification. 

 Coal measures, Nova Scotia. 



Ffcr. 494. 



Erect fossil trees. Coal-measures, Nova Scotia. 



on which rests a seam of coal (b, fig. 494) 1 foot thick. On this coal 

 again stood two large trees (c and d), while at a greater height the trees 

 / and g rest upon a thin seam of coal (e), and above them is an under- 

 clay, supporting the 4-foot coal. 



If we now return to the tree first mentioned (fig. 493), we find the 

 diameter (a b) 14 inches at the top and 16 inches at the bottom, the 

 length of the trunk 5 feet 8 inches. The strata in the interior consisted 

 of a series entirely different from those on the outside. The lowest of 

 the three outer beds which it traversed consisted of purplish and blue 

 shale (c, fig. 493), 2 feet thick, above which was sandstone (d) 1 foot 

 thick, and above this clay (e) 2 feet 8 inches. But, in the interior, were 

 nine distinct layers of different composition : at the bottom, first, shale 4 

 inches, then sandstone 1 foot, then shale 4 inches, then sandstone 4 inches, 

 then shale 11 inches, then clay (/) with nodules of ironstone 2 inches, 

 then pure clay 2 feet, then sandstone 3 inches, and lastly, clay 4 inches. 



