386 



CLAY-IRON-STONE. 



[Ch. XXIV 



More recently (1854) Mr. Fr. Goldenberg has published descriptions 

 of no less than twelve species of insects from the nodular clay-iron-stone 

 of Saarbriick near Treves.* They are associated with the leaves and 

 branches of fossil ferns. Among them are several Blattince, three species 

 of Neuroptera, one beetle of the Scarabceus family, a grasshopper or 

 locust, Gryllacris (see fig. 502), and several white ants or Termites. 



Fig. 502. 



Wing of a Grasshopper. 



GryUacris Uthanthraca, Goldenberg. 



Coal, Saarbriick near Treves. 



These newly-added species probably outnumber all we knew before of 

 the fossil insects of the coal. 



In the Edinburgh coal-field, at Burdiehouse, fossil fishes, mollusks, 

 and cyprides (?), very similar to those in Shropshire and Stafford- 

 shire, have been found by Dr. Hibbert. In the coal-field also of 

 Yorkshire there are freshwater strata, some of which contain shells 

 referred to the genus TJnio ; but in the midst of the series there is one 

 thin but very widely-spread stratum, abounding in fishes and marine 

 shells, such as Goniatites Listeri (fig. 503), Orthoceras, and Avicula 

 papyracea, Goldf. (fig. 504). 



Fig. 503. 



Fig. 5U4. 



Goniatites Listeri, Martin, sp. 



Avicula papyracea, Goldf. 

 (Pecten papyraceous, Sow.) 



No similarly intercalated layer of marine shells has been noticed in 

 the neighboring coal-field of Newcastle, where, as in South Wales and 



* Palffiont. Dunker and V. Meyer, vol. iv. p. 17. 



