PRODUCTS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS. 81 



IG. SHELL— Continued. 



b. Shells used for implements, &c: 



(Painters' mussel, (Unio pictorum,) used to hold colors.) 



(Shells of Placuna placenta, used in China as a substitute for 

 window- glass.) 



Shells of Mercenaria violacea, Purpura lapillus, and Buccinum 

 undatum, used by Indians of eastern coast in manufacture 

 of money, with specimens of wampum, (with the modern 

 wampum or shell beads manufactured for the Indian trade,) 

 and of the hyqua or Dentalium shells, employed in a similar 

 manner by the Indians of the Pacific coast. 



Specimens of the cowry, (Cypraea moneta.) "Live cowry" 

 and dead cowry, used in African trade and for trimmings. 



Shells of Cypraea, Botella, Oliva, Turritella, Phasianella, 

 (Venetian shells,) &c, mounted as buttons and jewelry. 



Composition shell-work for box-covers and frames, made by 

 glueing shells in mosaics. 



Calcined shells, used by dentifrice and porcelain makers. 

 (See, also, under 32.) 



Cuttle-fish bone from Sepia officinalis, used as a pounce, as a 

 dentifrice, as polishing-powders, for taking fine impres- 

 sions in counterfeiting, and as food for birds. (See, also, 

 under D. 5.) 



Concretions from the stomach of Astacus, known as " crab's- 

 eyes" and " crab-stones," and used as antacids. 



Shell of king-crab, (Limulus polyphemus,) used as a boat- 

 bailer. 



Opercula of mollusks, used as " eye-stones." 

 17. CORAL. 



a. Coral as a material : 



Eed coral, (Corallium nobilis,) with specimens of the five 

 commercial grades (1, froth of blood ; 2, flower of blood ; 

 3, 4, 5, blood of first, second, and third qualities) of the 

 white variety, and of the round beads, negligee beads, 

 bracelets, pins, coronets, armlets, and earrings, &c. 



White coral, Oculina, sp., used by jewelers. 



Madrepores and other showy corals, used for ornamental 



purposes. 



Horny axis of black flexible coral, (Plexaura crassa,) used for 



canes and whips in the Bermudas. 

 6 



