92 ANIMAL KESOURCES OF THE UNITED STATES. 



27. OILS AND FATS— Continued. 



d. Fish-oils: 



Oulachan oil used by Indians of Northwest coast for food 

 and illumination. 



Shark and skate liver oil, including- the " Eouen oil," made 

 on the coast of Normandy from the livers of Raia aquila, 

 R. pastinaca, and R. batis, used like cod-liver oil. 



Cramp-fish oil used by fishermen for cure of rheumatism. 



Soaps made from fish-oil. 



28. PERFUMES. 



a. Mammal perfumes: 



(Civet of the civet-cat ( Viwrra civetta) of Africa.) 



(Civet of the rasse (Yiverra rasse) of Java.) 



(Zibeth civet of the Zibeth {Yiverra zibetJia) of Indian 



Archipelago.) 

 (Musk from musk-deer, (Tragulus, sp. var.,) in its various 

 grades, of Touquin or Thibet, and Kabardiu, Russian, or 

 Siberian musk.) 

 Musk of musk-ox. 

 Musk of the musquash. 



Castoreum of the beaver, including the various commercial 

 grades, the Canadian, Hudson's Bay, and Russian casto- 

 reum, and specimens of castorine. 

 (Hyraceum of the daman, (Hyrax capensis.) ) 

 Ambergris of sperin^vkale, with specimeus of ambreine. 



b. Reptile perfumes : 



Musk of alligator. 



Oil of hawksbill and loggerhead turtles, used in perfumery. 



29. COLORING MATERIALS. 



a. Derived from mammals : 



Bone-black. 



Ivory-black, (noire (Tivoire.) used in fine painting, and in the 

 manufacture of bank-note ink. 



Prussiates, prussiau-blue, ferrocyanide of potassium, made 

 from hoofs and refuse human and other hair. 



Gall of animals used in dyeing. 



Dung of animals used in calico-printing. 



Haeinatm made from blood, and used in turkey-red 'dye- 

 works, and for the red liquor of printers. 



Wool flocking. ' (See under D, 21.) 



