PRODUCTS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS. 95 



30. CHEMICAL PBODUCTS, &c— Continued. 

 e. Derived from insects: 



Coccinella, used as a remedy for toothache. 



(Trehala, made from nests of beetles, (Larinas nidificans,) of 



East Indies, and used as a substitute for tapioca.) 

 Formic acid. 

 Carbazotic acid and its derivatives, made from sewing silk 



scraps, and used as a substitute for quinine. 

 Beeswax, used in manufacture of candles, cerates, plasters, 

 and artificial flowers, in modeling and casting, and in 

 medicine. 

 Honey, used as a preservative, a food, and in medicine as an 



aperient and demulcent. 

 (Wax, used in Chinese pharmacy, secreted by the Coccus 



pehlah.) 

 (Manna, produced by punctures of Coccus manniparus. 



a'. Manna from the Tamarix mannifera, used as food, and 



in medicine as a purgative. 

 1). Cedar manna of Mount Lebanon, from Pinus cedrus. 

 c. Arabian manna, from Hedysarum alliagi.) 

 (Eye-powder, made by Chinese from the Telini fly, (Mylabris 

 cichorii,) of India.) 

 /. Derived from Crustacea : 



Salve-bug of fishermen of Banks, (Caligus curtus,) parasite on 



cod-fish. 

 Crabs' eyes, or concretions from stomach of astacus, used as 

 an antacid. 

 g. Derived from worms : N 



American leech, (Macrobdella decora,) used in surgery. 

 (European leech, (Hirudo medicinalis,) introduced into Amer- 

 ica.) 

 (African leech, (Hirudo trochina,) introduced.) 

 Leeches used as barometers. 

 h. Derived from mollusks : 



(Cuttle-fish bone of Sepia officinalis.) (See under D, IIT, H.) 

 Calcined shells, used for building-lime, and in manufacture 

 of dentifrices and enamel. (See under III, H.) 

 i. Derived from radiates: 



a. Limes, derived from calcining coral and coral rock. 



