PRODUCTS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS. 79 



13. TORTOISE-SHELL— Continued. 



a. Shell of tortoise (JEretmochelys imbricatd, E. squamata) used in 



manufacture of combs, handles, jewelry, inlaying, and but- 

 tons, together with imitations of tortoise-shell in horn, shark's 

 bone, and celluloid. 



b. Shells of land tortoises, used by Indians for pots, scoops, and 



rattles. 



14. SCALES. 



a. Shell of mammals : 



Shell of armadillo, used by Texans and Mexicans. 



b. Scales of fishes used in ornamental work, with specimens of 



flowers and other articles manufactured : 

 Scales of parrot fishes, (Scaridce and Labridce.) 

 Scales of mullets, (Mugilidce.) 

 Scales of sheepshead, &c, (Sparidce.) 

 Scales of drum and bass, (Sciaenidce.) 



Scales of Serrauidse and perches, (Percidae and Labracidce.) 

 Scales of Lohotida?.. 

 Scales of tarpum, (Elopidce.) 

 Scales of herrings, (Clupeidw.) 

 Scales of Cyprinidse. 

 Scales of eels, used in the north of Europe to give a pearly 



luster in ornamental house-painting. 

 Scales of gar-pikes, used by Indians for arrow-tips. 

 (Pearl white, or essence d? Orient, prepared from scales of Al- 

 ^burnus lucidus and other Cyprinidse and Clupeidse, used 



in making artificial pearls.) (See under 27.) 

 Shagreen of trigger-fish, (Balistes,) used in polishing wood. 

 Shagreen of sharks, used as leather, (see under II, B. 5,) and 



for polishing purposes, particularly in the manufacture of 



quill pens. 

 Scales of sturgeons, used by Indians for implements. 

 For gelatine as a material and the arts and papier glace, 



see 24. 



15. PEARL. 



a. Pearls and nacre, (embracing the pearl-yielding shells, with the 

 pearls and the mother-o'-pearl in the rough state, with the 

 manufactured buttons, handles, and jewelry, pearl-powder, 

 inlaid work, and papier mache, ornamented with mother- 

 o'-pearl :) 



