PRODUCTS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS. 89 



24. GELATINE AND ISINGLASS— Continued. 



a. Gelatine: 



Bone-glue, (Osteocolla.) 



(Glue made in India from skin of the ass, (Hippocolla.) ) 



b. Isinglass : 



Isinglass, (Ichthyocolla,) made from air-bladders and skins 

 of fishes and used in the manufacture, of fine glues and 

 sizes, adhesive and court plasters, diamond cement, imita- 

 tion glass, and table-jelly and confectionery, (see under 

 D. 1, D,) in refining wines and liquors, in adulterating milk, 

 in fixing the luster of artificial pearls, and in lustering silk 

 ribbons, (embracing the dried bladders and the manufact- 

 ured products,) in their grades of " lyre," " heart-shaped," 

 11 leaf," and "book" isinglass. 



Isinglass from sounds of cod and hake. 



Isinglass from the squeteagua family, (Sciamidae,) princi- 

 pally used by confectioners. 



Isinglass from catfish family, (Siluridae.) 



Isinglass from carp family, (Cyprinidae.) 



Isinglass from sturgeons in all its grades and commercial 

 forms. 



Isinglass prepared from fish-skins. 



25. FLEXIBLE MATERIALS DERIVED FROM INVERTEBRATES. 



a. Insect productions : 



Silk-worm " gut " used in making leaders for fish-lines. 



(Nest of Cayenne-ant, (Formica bispinosa,) used as a mechani- 

 cal styptic.) 



Spiders' web used as a mechanical styptic and for the cross- 

 lines in optical instruments, (see, also, under D, 8.) 



Papier-mache of hornets' nests used for gun-wadding. 



b. Mollusk productions : 



Byssus of mollusks, (see under D, 8.) 



26. SPONGES. 



a. Specimens of American commercial sponges, with the different 

 grades, and bleached sponges: 



(Specimens of Mediterranean sponges.) 



Surgical apparatus, probangs, aurilaves, " sponge-tents," and 



other instruments manufactured. 

 Spongeo-piline used as a. substitute for poultices. 

 Sponges used in stuffing mattresses and cushions. 



