54 



F. H. Knowlton — Tertiary Floras of 



forms, distributed as follows : 38 species new to science, 3 

 forms not specifically named, and 29 species having a distribu- 

 tion outside the park. Of these 29 species no less than 17 are 

 found to be common to the Auriferous Gravels of California. 

 These are such important and easily recognized species as 

 Aralia Whitney i^ Per sea pseudo-Carolinensis, Laurus Cali- 

 fornica, L. grandis, Magnolia Californica^ Ficus sordida^ 

 Juglans Calif ornica^ Rhus mixta, etc. 



Besides the species above enumerated that have actually 

 been found common to the two localities, the numerous new 

 species are unmistakably related to species only known from 

 the Auriferous Gravels. Thus one of the new magnolias is 

 closely allied to M. Californica, and another is so close to M. 

 lanceolata that it was so identified by Professor Lesquereux. 



Other examples might be given but they are unnecessary in 

 the present instance. The preponderance of evidence points 

 to the similarity of age between the flora of the basic rocks and 

 that of the Auriferous Gravels of California. In order to 

 further characterize it, it may be called the Lamar flora from 

 the river and valley along which the principal exposures occur. 

 The age is regarded as upper Miocene. 



When viewed from the biological side this Tertiary flora is 

 found to present many interesting features. It is a rich flora, 

 and on comparing it with the living flora it becomes apparent 

 that great climatic changes must have taken place since the 

 close of the Miocene period, to have made possible these 

 changes in plant life. The fossil flora, as already stated, em- 

 braces 147 forms, that are distributed among 33 natural orders. 

 Following is a list of these orders with the number of species 

 or forms referred to each : 



Filices 10. 

 Fquisetacece 4. 

 Conifer CB 13. 

 Typhacem 1. 

 '^Sparganiacem 1. 

 CyperacecB 4. 

 ISniilaceGB 1. 

 Musacece 1. 

 ^Juglandacem 8. 

 ^Myricaceoe 3. 

 Salicacece 11. 

 Setidacece 2. 

 "^Fagacem 15. 

 ■^ UlmacecB 5. 

 UrticacecB 10. 

 * Magnoliacew 5. 



"^Laiiracece 11. 

 ^Platanacece 3. 

 Leguminosce 5. 

 ^ AnacardiacecB 1. 



* Celastracece 4. 

 Aceracece 2. 



^ SapiJidacece 5. 

 Hhamnacece 3. 

 ^ Vitacece 1. 



* ISterculiacece 1. 



* Credoieriacem i . 

 ^TUiacem, 2. 

 ^Araliacem 6. 

 Cornacece 2. 



Ericacece 1. 

 "^Ehenacem 3. 

 ^Oleacece 1. 

 ^PhylUtes, '^Carpites 3. 



