C. R. Keyes — Bethmiy Limestone, 225 



the " Winterset section," the " limestone of the Winterset sec- 

 tion," the " Winterset stone," etc. The formation was admirahly 

 defined, a good detailed section was given, its geological posi- 

 tion was accurately located, its typical locality was given and 

 its faunal characteristics were described. The section itself 

 has long been the standard of comparison for the "Upper Coal 

 Measures" of Iowa. If Bethany cannot be considered as a 

 valid title for the basal limestone of the " Upper Coal Meas- 

 ures," or Missourian series, as now understood, it is manifest 

 that Erie cannot be, but must give way to Winterset. 



For these reasons it was that Bethany was given priority* as 

 the proper name of the important limestone at the bottom of 

 the " Upper Coal Measures " in the Western Interior province, 

 as a valid title unusually well defined for its time, widely 

 known and liable to occasion the least amount of confusion in 

 geological nomenclature. 



Thus far nothing has been said regarding the name Erie as 

 a title already preoccupied in geological literature. The term 

 has been used a number of times. Bela Hubbard, f assistant 

 geologist to the first Geological Survey of Michigan under 

 Houghton, described in 1841 the "limestones of Lake Erie." 

 In 1842 the J^ew York geologists Emmons;}: and yanuxem,§ 

 and the year following Hall|| and Mather*]" described fully the 

 " Erie division " of the Devonian. Winchell"^* also recognized 

 the Erie limestones of Houghton. In 1873, Newberry ff pro- 

 posed the term Erie shale for the uppermost formation of the 

 Devonian of Ohio ; and the following year:j::j: he recognized 

 the Erie clays of the Quaternary, which is the same name 

 which Logan had some years previous applied to the forma- 

 tions on the north shore of Lake Erie. 



*This Journal III, vol. I pp. 239-243, 1895. 



■f Fourth Ann. Rept State Oeolo^ist. Report Xo. 3, 1841. 



X Final Kept. Second Dist. New York, p. 429, 1842. 



§ Final Rept. Third Dist. New York, p. 13, 1842. 



II Final Rept. Fourth Dist. New York, p. 19, 1843. 



^[Final Rept. First Dist. New York, p. 2, 1843. 



**Geol. Sur. Michigan, 1st Bienn. Rept., pp. 12-15, 1861. 



ft Geol. Sur. Ohio, vol. i, p. 163, 1873. 



XX Geol. Sur. Ohio, vol. ii, p. 21, 1814. 



