A. B. Lyons — Composition of Hawaiian Soils. 427. 



and calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium have almost 

 wholly disappeared. 



Table III. Analyses of Hawaiian Rocks, etc. 







"Rotten" 



Lava. 





Tufa. 









I. 



11. 



III. 





I. 



II. 



III. 











■5 



aJ 



— - 



At. 





t 



<0 



Av. 



1 





 "3 





25 



h 



0^ 





OS 



155 







4» 



























ao 



w5 1 



an 





^O 



pao 



»o 





Si< 



S<J 



SiO, 



34-81 



4-54 



2462 



21-32 



37-82 



40^11 



47^44 



41-79 



47-86 



j 40-00 



TiO, 



4-89 



8-99 



8-12 



7-33 











3^63 



AUO3 



33-18 



41-35 



23-89 



32-81 



13-16 



12-40 



16^51 



14-02 



15-05 



22-59 



JFe^Oa 



23-03 



40-87 



37-85 



33-92 



1411 



1464 



15-33 



14-69 



8-59 



■ 30-05 



FeO 



2-34 



2-52 



2-08 



2-31 



•14 



tr. 



319 



1-11 



4-46 



MnO 



-28 



-08 



•25 



•30 



-24 



•25 



•37 



•29 



-50 



•21 



CaO 



' tr. 



tr 



tr. 



tr. 



13-39 



12^24 



602 



10-55 



8-62 



1-26 



MgO 



•39 



-37 



•99 



•58 



11 75 



11-65 



8-80 



10-73 



6-08 



1^19 



Na^O 



tr. 



tr. 



1-41 



•47 



1-66 



2^72 



1-60 



1-99 



4-22 



-50 



K2O 



tr. 



1 tr. 



tr. 



tr. 



1-49 



•96 



-30 



•91 



1^07 



-43 



CuO 



•37 



i -26 



•27 



•30 



-07 



•11 



•08 



•09 



•19 





P.Os 



•39 



-63 



-24 



•42 



•82 



•57 



•61 



•67 



•65 



-68 



SO3 



•31 



•55 



-40 



■42 



•15 



•17 



•06 



•13 



•10 



-22 



€02 





1 





•00 



5-56 



4^15 



•17 



3^29 



•00 



•00 



' 











FeS2 

 •05 













Total 



99-99 



' 10016 



10012 





100^41 



99-97 



10048 









Dried* at 



6-43 



1 



1 3-55 



8-49 





9-98 



5^46 



9^08 









100° C 



11-63 



i 20-48 



12-70 





8-24 



6-48 



5-04 









Ignitedf 























* Percentage loss of original air dried powder. 



f Additional percentage loss of original powder on ignition. 



The second sample is the most remarkable. Although it 

 retains the form of the original lava, which was evidently a 

 basalt with distinctly columnar structure, it has changed to an 

 ochre-colored substance that seems almost light enough to float 

 in water, and is as friable as bath brick. Its composition is 

 remarkable, and especially instructive if it should prove, as is 

 probable, that this rock has been subject to the prolonged 

 action of sea water. It consists mostly of alumina and ferric 

 oxide, with nearly nine per cent of titanic acid and only half 

 that quantity of silica. 



The tufas consist essentially of fragments of lava more or 

 less changed by weathering, so that the color is generally of a 

 rusty brown, sometimes mottled with white or with various 

 colors according to the nature of the included particles. Small 

 crystals, or fragments of crystals, of chrysolite are often to be 



