46 Vaughan — Outlying Areas of the Comanche Series. 



The following was observed seven and a half miles south of 

 Coldwater, and two and a half miles north of A villa : 



Thin capping of plains gravel. 



Yellow clay, with a thin indurated shell layer near the top, 



in which Gryphcea fornicidata White, Cyprimeria cf. 



texana Roemer, Turritella seriatim-granulata Roemer ? 



and a Cytherea were found . 5 ft. 



A light bluish gray, stiff sandy clay, no fossils 40 " 



Deep red sandy clay, the Red Beds. 



The town of A villa is situated in a valley, on the Red Beds, 

 ten miles south of Coldwater. About seven miles south of 

 Avilla are some hills composed largely of black shales, and 

 locally known as Black Hills. This locality has been referred 

 to by Professor Cragin,* but he has not described it. The 

 details as presented by Professor Prosserf differ slightly from 

 those given in the following description of the section : 



Capping of plains gravel. 



Calcareous, yellow, sandy flags, and clays ; 70 ft. 



about 10 feet from the top is a bed of Gryphceas inter- 

 mediate in characters between G. tucumcarii of Mar- 

 cou and G. fornicidata of White, 20 feet from, the top 

 large slabs of G. tucumcarii. 

 40 feet from the top a stratum of oysters and Anomias. 



Yellow clay, some thin sandy indurations 35 " 



Indurated layer containing many Gryphwa fornicidata, 

 Turritella seriatim-granulata Roemer?, Cyprimeria, 

 etc., very rich in fossils, about 5 " 



Paper shales, black ._ 45 " 



contain a ledge of brown sandstone 1 ft. thick, 10 ft. 

 above the base. 



Yellowish clays _ . _ 5 " 



Contact with the Red Beds — the surface of the latter 

 much eroded ; they are composed of deep red some- 

 what sandy clays. 



In some places the basal clays of the Cretaceous are mottled, 

 bluish gray and red on a large scale, being composed of the 

 redeposited Red Beds. In one place a patch of shell agglom- 

 erate composed of Gryjphcea fornicidata was seen resting 

 directly upon the Red Beds. 



The Cretaceous shales were seen in a good many places high 

 up on the divide, south of Avilla, until the descent into the 

 valley of the Cimarron River was made, some twenty miles 

 southeast of that place on the road to Woodward. 



* Bull. Washburn Coll. Lab., vol. ii, No. 11, p. 74, March, 1890. 

 f Prosser, op. cit., p. 142. 



