THE ARCHEOZOIC ERA. 159 



group of rocks of meta-sedimentary origin affected by dikes and sills 

 of igneous and meta-igneous rocks. 1 



The Archean rocks of Sweden 2 and Finland, 3 as now interpreted, 

 are similar to those of Norway. They consist of meta-igneous and 

 meta-sedimentary rocks, among which is limestone, together with 

 some igneous rocks not notably metamorphosed. 



In France, the Archean is composed chiefly of gneisses and schists 

 of various types, chiefly or wholly meta-igneous. 4 



In Bavaria, the rocks classed as Archean consist of gneiss (Bojan) 

 remarkable for its uniformity, and of schists and gneisses (Hercynian) 

 which include meta-sedimentary beds, among which is graphitic lime- 

 stone. 5 



In Spain, gneisses and schists which include some limestone beds 

 (Cipollino = limestone with scales of mica, talc, etc.) are commonly 

 classed as Archean. 



Similar rocks regarded as Archean occur in India 7 (Bunkelkund 

 gneiss); in northern China, 8 where the Archean has not been clearly 

 differentiated; perhaps in Japan; 9 in Australia, 10 where gneisses, 

 schists, and meta-sedimentary beds classed as Archean lie at the surface, 

 over an area some 20,000 square miles in extent; in Tasmania; n and in 

 New Zealand. 12 



Life during the Archeozoic era. — The presence of carbonaceous ma- 

 terial, of bedded iron ores that were once carbonates, of cherts, and 



1 Reusch, Die Fossilfiihrenden krystallinischen Schiefer von Bergen, 1883, and 

 Neues Jahrbuch (Beilage-band), 1887. 



2 Tornebohm papers in Geol. Foren, Stockholm; in Handl. Akad. Stockholm, 

 Vol. XXVIII, 1896; and in reports of the SYerig. Geol. Undersokn. 



3 Sederholm, Bull. Com. Geol. Finlande, 1899; also same author's papers in Tscher- 

 mak's Mittheil., Vol. XXII, 1891; Fenia, Vol. VIII, 1893; Geol. Foren, Stockholm, 

 XIX, 1897. 



4 De Lapparent, Trait e* de Geologic 



5 Giimbel, Geognostische Beschreibung des Oberbayerischen Grundgebirges, Gotha, 

 1868. Cited by Geikie, Vol. II, p. 801. 



fl De Lapparent, Op. cit. 



7 Medlicott and Blanford, Manual of Geology of India. 



8 Von Richthofen, China, Vol. II. 



8 Koto, Jour. Coll. Sci., Imp. Univ. of Tokyo, Vol. V, 1893, Pt. III. 



10 David, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Vol. VIII, 1894. 



11 Johnston, Geology of Tasmania, 1888. 



12 Hector, Handbook of New Zealand, 1883; Haast, Geology of Canterbury; and 

 Hutton, Geology of Tago. 



