558 



GEOLOGY. 



Generalized Section for West Virginia. 1 



Names of Formations. 



Dunkard series. 





Monongahela series. 



Elk River series or Bar- 

 ren Measures 



(Corresponds to Conemaugh 



Allegheny (including 

 Kanawha) series 



Potts ville conglomerate. 



Unconformity. 

 Mauch Chunk shales. . . 



Mountain or Greenbrier 

 limestone 



Pocono sandstone. 



Devonian. 



Thickness 

 in Feet 



1020 



381 



584 



264 



200-1500 



150 



90 



200 



380 



Characteristics. 



Red shales, massive sandstones, thin lime- 

 stones, and a few thin beds of coal; 

 rocks slightly gypsiferous; fresh-water 

 deposits. 



Much limestone; a little red shale; some 

 massive sandstones, one of which is the 

 the uppermost " oil sand " yet developed 

 in the Appalachian field; five coal-beds, 

 the most important of whichis the Pitts- 

 burg seam; Permo-Carboniferous flora; 

 fresh-water fauna. 



Much red shale in upper two thirds; Permo- 

 Carboniferous fauna and flora; thin 

 limestones, three or four thin coal-beds; 

 several important sandstone beds, two 

 of which carry oil. Lower half of series 

 of marine or littoral origin. 



Dark shales and gray sandstones, with five 

 important coal-beds and two or three 

 thin beds of limestones ; one oil and gas 

 horizon; marine fossils; typical Coal 

 Measures flora. 



Massive pebbly sandstones, usually bearing 

 salt water; separated by dark shales 

 which hold thin coal seams at the north 

 and important ones at the south. 



Soft red shales interstratified with green 

 sandstones and impure limy beds. Series 

 thins and disappears westward; thick- 

 ness given is for Monongahela and 

 Marion Counties. 



Hard gray limestone. 



Big Injun oil sand, including Keener sand 

 horizon at the top; one of the most 

 important oil and gas horizons in the 

 State. 



Shales and sandstones, including Smith's 

 Ferry oil sand, and possibly Berea. 



1 White, West Virginia Geol. Surv., Vol. I, p. 212. The section for Maryland is 

 very similar to the above. See Prosser, Jour, of Geol., Vol. IX, pp. 422-429. 



