636 



GEOLOGY. 



were probably deposited in water, in which bergs were floating. 1 These 

 conglomerates are associated with strata (the Ecca shales) which are 

 referred to the Permian system. Many of the bowlders of these con- 

 glomerates are striated, and at the same time the bed on which the 

 glacial conglomerate rests shows indisputable marks of ice action 

 in many places (Figs. 292 and 292a). The glacial beds are believed 

 to have extended as far north as 26° 40' in the Transvaal. The glacial 

 and associated beds have great thickness (1200 feet) in Cape Colony. 



Fig. 292. — Glaciated quartzite beneath the glacial conglomerate of South Africa. 

 Near Prieska. The rock surface shows glacial striae. (Schwarz.) 



Above the Ecca shales, which are thought to be glacio-fluvial or 

 glacio-lacustrine, 2 is the coal-bearing Beaufort series with Glossopteris 

 flora and abundant reptilian remains. 3 



The known Permo-Carboniferous glaciation of Australia, India, 

 and Africa is found in two zones, the one north and the other south 

 of the equator. In neither zone have the limits of glaciation been 



Scottish Geog. Mag., Vol. XVII, 1901, p. 57; and Trans. Phil. Soc. of S. 

 Africa, Vol. XI, 1900, p. 113. 



2 Molengraaff , Bull, de la Soc. Geol. de France, 1901, p. 79. 



3 Broom, Geol. of Cape Colony, pp. 228-244, 



