THE PERMIAN PERIOD. 



639 



White. 1 Coal-bearing beds with the Glossopteris flora lie uncon- 

 formably on older formations, and conformably below the Trias. 2 



Close of the Paleozoic Era. 3 



The close of the Paleozoic era was marked by much more con- 

 siderable geographic changes than the close of any period since the 

 Algonkian. These changes may be said to have been in progress 

 during the Permian period rather than to have occurred at its close. 



Fig. 294. — Section of glacial conglomerate (cemented till) near Prieska, South Africa. 



(Schwarz.) 



The changes in the relations of land and water, and the deformation 

 of strata mentioned in connection with the close of the Carboniferous 

 period (p. 584), probably continued during the Permian. 



It will be remembered that there was a considerable withdrawal 

 of the sea from North America at the close of the Orclovician, con- 

 verting large areas which had been submerged during the Cambrian 



1 Geol. Soc. Am., Dec. '06. 



2 Kayser, Geologische Formationskunde, p. 265. This author states, pp. 227 and 

 265, that glacial beds occur in South America. 



3 Smith, J. P., Jour. Geol.. Vol. IX, pp. 512-21. 



