INDEX. 



Ordovician, classification of, 310 



climate of, 342 



ccelenterates, 360, 361 



corals, 360, 361 



crinoids, 359 



Crustacea, 351 



echinoderms, 357, 359 



economic products of, 336 



of Europe, 338 



fauna, extra-American, 367 



foreign, 338 



gastropods, 353, 354 



graptolites, 344. 362 



igneous rocks of, 322 



insect life of, 346 



land life of, 346 



lead in, 337 



life, 342, 343, 346 



manganese ore in, 337 



New Brunswick, 336 



Nova Scotia, 336 



outcrops of, 331 



pelecypods, 354 



period, close of, 332 



formations and physical his- 

 tory of, 304 

 sedimentation of, 304 



phosphates of Tennessee, 337 



position of beds, 322 



protozoa, 361 



sections of, in the interior. 

 319 



sponges, 363 



strata, condition of, 324 



succession of faunas, 364 



system, exposure of, 326 



Taconic mountains, 326 



thickness of, 330 



trilobites, 347~35i 



Upper, fauna, 367 



Upper Mississippi section, 313 



vertebrates, 347 



western sections, 322 



wide-spread limestone of, 321 



zinc in, 337 

 Organ-pipe coral, Silurian, 407 

 Original crust, 84 



material of earth, importance 

 of, 119 

 Oriskany brachiopods, 458, 459 



corals, 459 



crinoids, 459 



fauna, 451, 457 



fish, 459 



formation, 422 



mo Husks, 459 



trilobites, 459 

 Orophocrinus stelliformis, 525 

 Orthacanthus, 614 

 Orthis, 456 



Hamilton, 472 



tricenaria, 356 

 Orthoceras annulatocostatum, 

 532 



annulatum, 403, 409 



bilineatum, 352 



cribrosum, 616 



Permian, 655 



soc'ale. 352 

 Orthodesma rectum, 354 



Orton, E., cited, 336, 440, 560 

 Ortonia minor, 363 

 Osage blastoidea, 525 



brachiopoda, 525 



coral, 525 



crinoidea, 525 



echinoidea, 525 



fauna, 522, 524 



formation, 500 



series, 501 



sponges, 525 

 Osborn, H. F., cited, 647 

 Osteolepis, 489 

 Ostracoderms. 537 



Devonian, 483-486 

 Ostracodes, Devonian, 490 



Silurian, 408 

 Oswayo formation, 557 

 Oswegan series, 370, 371 

 Otoccelus, 650 

 Ouray limestone, 506 

 Outward flow of heat, and 



melting due to, 102 

 Overthrust in Scotland, 341 



Palaeacis obtusum, 525 

 Palaeaspis americana, 413, 417 

 Palaeaster simplex, 359 

 Palaeocaris typus, 611 

 Palaeohatteria, 648, 649 



longicaudata, 647 

 Palaeoneile constricta, 471 

 Palaeophonus, 417 



caledonicus, 413 

 Palaeopteris, 602 

 Palseosauropus primaevus, Mis- 



sissippian, 537 

 Palasospondylus gunni, 486 

 Paleoniscus, 652 



macropomus, 652 

 Paleontaric series, 370 

 Paleontology, based on stratig- 

 raphy, 242 

 Paleozoic era, close of, 639 

 Palms formation, 188 

 Panther Creek coal basin, 577 

 Pantylus, 650 

 Parabolic velocity, 55 

 Paradoxides bohemicus, 298 



Cambrian, 241 



Middle Cambrian fauna, 298 

 Paralegoceras newsomi, 616 

 Paraphorhynchus striatocostatus. 



520 

 Pareiasauria, 648 

 Pareiasaurus, 649 



serridens, 650 

 Pariotichus, 650 

 Parma sandstone, 540 

 Patten, W., cited. 482. 483, 484, 



485, 613 

 Peach, B. N., cited, 495 

 Peat, composition of, 569 

 Pecopteris, 644 



tenuinervis, 643 



unita, 593 

 Pelagic life of Devonian, 479 

 Pelecypods, Carboniferous, 615, 

 616 



Chemung, 478 



Pelecypods, Devonian, 473, 477 



Genevieve, 532, 533 



Helderbergian, 454 



Kinderhook. 520, 521 



Mississippian, 525 



Ordovician, 354 



Onondagan, 466 



Permian, 653 



Silurian, 403, 406 



Upper Cambrian, 299 

 Pelycosauria. 649 

 Pennington shale, 503, 559, 



560 

 Pennsylvania, Permian in, 620 

 Pennsylvanian anthracite, 577 



fauna, 616 



period, 539 



duration of, 583 



sections of. 557, 563 

 Penokee-Gogebic region, Ani- 

 mikean of, 188 



Huronian of, 180 

 Penrose, R. A. F.. Jr., cited, 



324. 337, 377 

 Pentamerus, 404 



oblongus, 404, 409, 458 

 Pentremital limestone, 562 

 Pentremites robustus, 532 

 Pentremitidea, 470 

 Permian ammonites, 653 



amphibians, 646 



arthropods, 652 



Australia, 632 



brachiopods, 653 



cephalopods, 653, 654 



deformation, 656 



Europe, 625 



fishes, 652 



flora of America, 642, 643 



foreign, 625 



fresh-water life, 652 



gastropods, 653 



glacial beds of India, 634 



glacial beds of South Africa, 

 635 



glacial epoch, geographic fea- 

 tures of, 675 



glaciation of Australia, 632 



glaciation, explanation of , 6^4, 

 676 

 localization of, 674 



India, 634 



Kansas, section of, 622 



land animals of, 646 



life of, 640 



marine fauna, 652, 654 



pelecypods, 654 



Pennsylvania, 620 



period, 619 



plant life of, 642 



problems of, 655 



reptiles, 647 



South Africa, 635 



South America, 638 



system west of the Mississippi, 

 620 



Texas, 623 



thickness of. 625 

 Pernopecten cooperensis, 520 

 Perry, J. H., cited, 549 



