﻿82 
  • 
  Scientific 
  Intelligence. 
  

  

  While 
  Dr. 
  Gould 
  was 
  a 
  citizen 
  of 
  the 
  world, 
  and 
  corresponded 
  

   with 
  his 
  intimate 
  friends 
  in 
  at 
  least 
  four 
  different 
  languages, 
  he 
  

   was 
  most 
  intensely 
  devoted 
  to 
  the 
  promotion 
  of 
  science 
  in 
  his 
  

   native 
  land. 
  As 
  one 
  means 
  to 
  this 
  end 
  he 
  established 
  the 
  Astro- 
  

   nomical 
  Journal 
  in 
  1848. 
  He 
  sustained 
  its 
  publication 
  to 
  a 
  large 
  

   extent 
  from 
  his 
  own 
  private 
  means, 
  and 
  he 
  lavished 
  upon 
  it 
  ear- 
  

   nest 
  solicitude 
  and 
  unremitting 
  care 
  to 
  make 
  of 
  it 
  a 
  worthy 
  repre- 
  

   sentative 
  of 
  American 
  science 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  a 
  record 
  of 
  valuable 
  

   scientific 
  investigations. 
  Though 
  Dr. 
  Gould 
  was 
  obliged 
  to 
  sus- 
  

   pend 
  the 
  publication 
  of 
  the 
  Astronomical 
  Journal 
  from 
  1861 
  to 
  

   1886, 
  this 
  periodical 
  had 
  entered 
  upon 
  its 
  seventeenth 
  volume 
  at 
  

   the 
  time 
  of 
  his 
  death, 
  established 
  more 
  firmly 
  than 
  ever 
  as 
  the 
  

   organ 
  of 
  American 
  astronomy. 
  

  

  There 
  is 
  not 
  space 
  here 
  to 
  mention 
  all 
  the 
  important 
  scientific 
  

   works 
  and 
  occupations 
  of 
  Dr. 
  Gould, 
  even 
  in 
  outline. 
  The 
  most 
  

   notable 
  may 
  receive 
  passing 
  notice. 
  From 
  1852 
  to 
  1867 
  he 
  was 
  

   in 
  charge 
  of 
  telegraphic 
  longitude 
  determinations 
  for 
  the 
  IT. 
  S. 
  

   Coast 
  Survey. 
  He 
  developed 
  the 
  methods 
  employed, 
  and 
  deter- 
  

   mined 
  the 
  first 
  transatlantic 
  longitude 
  by 
  telegraph. 
  During 
  the 
  

   Civil 
  war, 
  while 
  in 
  the 
  service 
  of 
  the 
  Sanitary 
  Commission, 
  he 
  

   pursued 
  extensive 
  investigations 
  in 
  Anthropometry, 
  the 
  results 
  of 
  

   which 
  he 
  published. 
  Also, 
  during 
  the 
  period 
  1848 
  to 
  1870, 
  he 
  

   effected 
  the 
  reduction 
  of 
  various 
  extended 
  series 
  of 
  astronomical 
  

   observations, 
  — 
  notably 
  the 
  meridian 
  observations 
  made 
  by 
  

   D'Agelet 
  in 
  Paris 
  near 
  the 
  close 
  of 
  the 
  last 
  century. 
  

  

  His 
  great 
  and 
  distinctive 
  work, 
  however, 
  is 
  comprised 
  in 
  the 
  

   survey 
  of 
  the 
  southern 
  sky 
  which 
  occupied 
  him 
  during 
  the 
  period 
  

   from 
  1870 
  to 
  1885. 
  During 
  this 
  time 
  he 
  secured 
  the 
  founding 
  

   and 
  directed 
  the 
  labors 
  of 
  a 
  National 
  Observatory 
  at 
  Cordoba 
  in 
  

   the 
  Argentine 
  Republic. 
  Here, 
  with 
  immense 
  industry, 
  and 
  with 
  

   a 
  perseverance 
  which 
  remained 
  undaunted 
  in 
  the 
  face 
  of 
  great 
  

   obstacles 
  and 
  personal 
  afflictions, 
  he 
  completed 
  a 
  critical 
  and 
  

   exhaustive 
  uranometry 
  of 
  the 
  southern 
  sky, 
  and 
  he 
  supplemented 
  

   the 
  zone-observations 
  of 
  Bessel 
  and 
  Argelander 
  by 
  his 
  own 
  obser- 
  

   vations 
  of 
  73,160 
  stars 
  south 
  of 
  —23° 
  of 
  declination, 
  much 
  sur- 
  

   passing 
  these 
  predecessors 
  in 
  the 
  precision 
  of 
  measurement 
  

   attained. 
  Besides 
  these 
  labors, 
  his 
  catalogue 
  of 
  32,448 
  of 
  the 
  

   brighter 
  stars 
  in 
  the 
  Southern 
  hemisphere 
  contains 
  the 
  results 
  of 
  

   more 
  than 
  150,000 
  meridian 
  observations 
  of 
  precision, 
  — 
  a 
  work 
  

   which 
  has 
  not 
  been 
  equalled 
  in 
  extent, 
  nor 
  surpassed 
  in 
  value, 
  by 
  

   any 
  other 
  similar 
  work 
  in 
  astronomy. 
  

  

  Dr. 
  Gould, 
  in 
  cooperation 
  with 
  Mr. 
  Rutherfurd, 
  was 
  a 
  pioneer 
  

   in 
  developing 
  the 
  application 
  of 
  photography 
  to 
  astronomy 
  of 
  

   precision. 
  He 
  made 
  extensive 
  use 
  of 
  celestial 
  photography 
  dur- 
  

   ing 
  his 
  stay 
  in 
  South 
  America. 
  The 
  elaboration 
  of 
  this 
  material 
  

   in 
  an 
  extensive 
  memoir, 
  which 
  he 
  left 
  substantially 
  complete, 
  was 
  

   the 
  last 
  great 
  undertaking 
  of 
  his 
  life. 
  

  

  He 
  was 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  founders 
  of 
  the 
  National 
  Academy 
  of 
  

   Sciences. 
  He 
  was 
  elected 
  an 
  honorary 
  member 
  of 
  the 
  principal 
  

   Academies 
  of 
  Science 
  in 
  Europe 
  ; 
  he 
  became 
  a 
  knight 
  of 
  the 
  order 
  

   pour 
  le 
  merite 
  of 
  the 
  German 
  Empire 
  ; 
  and 
  he 
  received 
  other 
  

   honors 
  and 
  medals 
  too 
  numerous 
  to 
  admit 
  of 
  mention 
  here. 
  

  

  L. 
  B. 
  

  

  