﻿134 
  Verrill 
  — 
  Coloration 
  in 
  Mammals, 
  Birds, 
  Fishes, 
  etc. 
  

  

  of 
  the 
  under 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  wings 
  usually 
  blend 
  very 
  perfectly 
  

   with 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  flowers 
  on 
  which 
  they 
  roost. 
  Many 
  of 
  our 
  

   species 
  of 
  Argynnis 
  and 
  allied 
  genera 
  are 
  marked 
  with 
  red, 
  

   orange, 
  and 
  brown, 
  while 
  there 
  are 
  bright 
  silvery 
  patches 
  on 
  

   the 
  under 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  wings, 
  which 
  are 
  exposed 
  when 
  at 
  rest. 
  

   I 
  have 
  observed 
  that 
  these 
  butterflies 
  become 
  very 
  inconspicu- 
  

   ous 
  in 
  the 
  moonlight, 
  when 
  sleeping 
  on 
  the 
  goldenrod 
  and 
  

   other 
  favorite 
  flowers, 
  and 
  that 
  their 
  silvery 
  spots 
  imitate 
  very 
  

   closely 
  the 
  dew-drops 
  that 
  surround 
  them. 
  

  

  Numerous 
  nocturnal 
  insects 
  that 
  live 
  on 
  the 
  ground 
  are 
  

   black 
  or 
  dark 
  brown, 
  which 
  are 
  colors 
  that 
  are 
  protective 
  only 
  

   at 
  night. 
  This 
  is 
  true 
  of 
  most 
  ground 
  beetles, 
  many 
  crickets, 
  

   cockroaches, 
  ants, 
  etc. 
  Many 
  of 
  these 
  insects 
  hide 
  away 
  in 
  

   the 
  daytime, 
  so 
  that 
  no 
  protective 
  colors 
  are 
  then 
  needed. 
  But 
  

   many 
  insects 
  that 
  are 
  exposed 
  both 
  during 
  the 
  day 
  and 
  at 
  night 
  

   have 
  acquired 
  green 
  or 
  yellowish 
  colors 
  that 
  are 
  protective 
  at 
  

   all 
  times, 
  when 
  living 
  among 
  foliage. 
  Green 
  grasshoppers, 
  

   katydids, 
  etc., 
  are 
  examples. 
  

  

  In 
  general, 
  patches, 
  stripes, 
  or 
  spots 
  of 
  strongly 
  contrasted 
  

   dark 
  and 
  light 
  colors 
  are 
  more 
  likely 
  to 
  be 
  of 
  use 
  by 
  moon- 
  

   light 
  than 
  by 
  daylight, 
  whether 
  on 
  birds 
  or 
  insects. 
  Reptiles 
  

   are 
  to 
  a 
  large 
  extent 
  diurnal 
  in 
  their 
  habits 
  and 
  many 
  kinds 
  

   hide 
  in 
  holes 
  and 
  crevices 
  when 
  at 
  rest, 
  so 
  that 
  our 
  native 
  

   species 
  of 
  this 
  group 
  appears 
  to 
  afford 
  few 
  good 
  instances 
  of 
  

   evident 
  nocturnal 
  protective 
  colors, 
  though 
  many 
  may 
  occur 
  

   when 
  the 
  habits 
  of 
  tropical 
  species 
  become 
  better 
  known. 
  

   Among 
  nocturnal 
  amphibians 
  protective 
  colors 
  are 
  common, 
  

   and 
  in 
  many 
  cases 
  they 
  appear 
  to 
  be 
  exclusively 
  for 
  nocturnal 
  

   protection. 
  Our 
  native 
  nearly 
  black 
  species 
  of 
  salamanders 
  

   {Amhly 
  stoma 
  punctatum 
  and 
  A. 
  opacum) 
  have 
  conspicuous 
  

   spots 
  or 
  blotches 
  of 
  white 
  or 
  light 
  yellow. 
  It 
  is 
  evident 
  that 
  

   these 
  colors 
  have 
  been 
  acquired 
  by 
  natural 
  selection 
  in 
  conse- 
  

   quence 
  of 
  the 
  nocturnal 
  protection 
  that 
  they 
  afford. 
  

  

  