﻿THE 
  

  

  AMERICAN 
  JOURNAL 
  OF 
  SCIENCE 
  

  

  [FOURTH 
  SERIES. 
  ] 
  

  

  Art. 
  XYL— 
  Crater 
  Zake, 
  Oregon: 
  by 
  J. 
  S. 
  Diller. 
  With 
  

  

  Plate 
  Y. 
  

  

  The 
  Crater 
  lakes, 
  Bolsena 
  and 
  Bracciana 
  in 
  Italy, 
  Paven 
  in 
  

   France 
  and 
  Laach 
  in 
  Germany, 
  besides 
  numerous 
  other 
  exam- 
  

   ples 
  in 
  various 
  parts 
  of 
  Europe, 
  South 
  and 
  Central 
  America 
  

   and 
  Asia, 
  have 
  long 
  been 
  known 
  to 
  science, 
  but 
  the 
  one 
  in 
  the 
  

   United 
  States 
  which, 
  all 
  things 
  considered, 
  is 
  the 
  most 
  impos- 
  

   ing 
  of 
  the 
  series, 
  has 
  scarcely 
  been 
  mentioned 
  in 
  scientific 
  

   publications 
  and 
  its 
  very 
  existence 
  even 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  generally 
  

   unknown 
  to 
  persons 
  interested 
  in 
  such 
  features. 
  

  

  The 
  Crater 
  Lake 
  of 
  Southern 
  Oregon 
  is 
  deeply 
  set 
  in 
  the 
  

   summit 
  of 
  the 
  Cascade 
  Range 
  and 
  is 
  remarkable, 
  not 
  alone 
  for 
  

   its 
  geological 
  history, 
  of 
  which 
  it 
  contains 
  some 
  especially 
  

   interesting 
  chapters, 
  but 
  also 
  on 
  account 
  of 
  its 
  geographic 
  

   position 
  and 
  depth, 
  its 
  beautiful 
  blue 
  transparent 
  waters 
  and 
  

   the 
  grandeur 
  of 
  its 
  completely 
  encircling 
  cliffs, 
  affording 
  no 
  

   outlet. 
  

  

  The 
  summit 
  of 
  the 
  range 
  at 
  this 
  point 
  is 
  broad, 
  with 
  gentle, 
  

   canyoned 
  slopes 
  surmounted 
  by 
  numerous 
  volcaDic 
  cones. 
  

  

  The 
  rim 
  of 
  the 
  lake, 
  which 
  is 
  nearly 
  circular, 
  with 
  an 
  aver- 
  

   age 
  diameter 
  of 
  six 
  miles, 
  rises 
  a 
  thousand 
  feet 
  above 
  the 
  

   general 
  level 
  of 
  the 
  range. 
  Its 
  outer 
  slope 
  is 
  gentle 
  and 
  

   rather 
  regular 
  from 
  10° 
  to 
  15°, 
  but 
  within, 
  the 
  descent 
  to 
  the 
  

   lake 
  is 
  precipitous. 
  In 
  general 
  the 
  rim 
  may 
  be 
  described 
  as 
  

   the 
  hollow 
  base 
  of 
  a 
  very 
  large 
  but 
  deeply 
  truncated 
  cone. 
  

   Here 
  and 
  there, 
  two 
  to 
  four 
  miles 
  from 
  the 
  crest 
  upon 
  the 
  

   outer 
  side, 
  are 
  cinder 
  and 
  lava 
  cones, 
  adnate 
  to 
  the 
  great 
  cen- 
  

  

  Am. 
  Jour. 
  Sgl— 
  Fourth 
  Series, 
  "Vol. 
  Ill, 
  No. 
  15. 
  — 
  March, 
  1897. 
  

   12 
  

  

  