﻿318 
  R. 
  S. 
  Tarr 
  — 
  Climate 
  of 
  Dams' 
  and 
  Baffin's 
  Bay. 
  

  

  noticeably 
  warm, 
  rapidly 
  descending 
  air. 
  The 
  explanation 
  is 
  

   no 
  doubt 
  the 
  same 
  as 
  the 
  explanation 
  of 
  the 
  chinook 
  aud 
  foehn 
  

   winds. 
  

  

  Cause 
  of 
  difference 
  in 
  Glaciation. 
  — 
  On 
  the 
  Greenland 
  side 
  

   the 
  land 
  is 
  mainly 
  submerged 
  beneath 
  the 
  great 
  ice 
  cap, 
  with 
  

   branches 
  extending 
  to 
  the 
  sea 
  through 
  the 
  valleys. 
  On 
  the 
  

   American 
  side 
  there 
  are 
  only 
  a 
  few 
  isolated 
  glaciers 
  on 
  Baffin 
  

   Land, 
  and 
  none 
  are 
  known 
  to 
  exist 
  in 
  Labrador. 
  On 
  the 
  

   American 
  side 
  the 
  southernmost 
  glacier 
  is 
  located 
  on 
  the 
  

   southern 
  side 
  of 
  Frobisher 
  Bay 
  in 
  lat. 
  62°. 
  It 
  is 
  evident 
  that 
  

   this 
  difference 
  in 
  ice-covering 
  is 
  not 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  climate 
  near 
  

   the 
  coast 
  line, 
  for 
  a 
  much 
  greater 
  development 
  of 
  glaciers 
  is 
  

   found 
  on 
  the 
  side 
  where 
  the 
  climate 
  is 
  more 
  moderate. 
  Pos- 
  

   sibly 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  causes 
  for 
  the 
  difference 
  is 
  the 
  greater 
  humidity 
  

   of 
  the 
  air 
  that 
  comes 
  to 
  Greenland 
  after 
  crossing 
  over 
  the 
  

   waters 
  of 
  Baffin's 
  and 
  Davis' 
  Bays 
  ; 
  but 
  the 
  main 
  cause 
  for 
  the 
  

   difference 
  is 
  evidently 
  the 
  greater 
  elevation 
  of 
  the 
  land 
  on 
  the 
  

   eastern 
  side. 
  

  

  Former 
  Glaciation 
  on 
  the 
  American 
  side* 
  — 
  Labrador 
  and 
  

   Baffin 
  Land 
  have 
  been 
  recently 
  glaciated. 
  So 
  recent 
  was 
  this 
  

   time 
  of 
  glaciation 
  that 
  at 
  Turnavik 
  Island, 
  on 
  the 
  Labrador 
  coast, 
  

   glacial 
  striae 
  still 
  remain 
  distinctly 
  on 
  the 
  exposed 
  rock-faces. 
  

   The 
  violent 
  frost 
  action 
  on 
  Baffin 
  Land 
  has 
  in 
  most 
  cases 
  

   removed 
  the 
  striae 
  ; 
  but 
  the 
  form 
  of 
  the 
  hills, 
  and 
  the 
  presence 
  

   of 
  erratics 
  on 
  the 
  surface, 
  show 
  recent 
  glaciation. 
  Comparing 
  

   the 
  conditions 
  seen 
  here 
  with 
  those 
  of 
  New 
  England, 
  it 
  seems 
  

   certain 
  that 
  the 
  glacier 
  has 
  left 
  this 
  northern 
  region 
  more 
  

   recently 
  than 
  New 
  England. 
  

  

  Changes 
  in 
  Level 
  of 
  Baffin 
  Land. 
  — 
  Before 
  the 
  ice 
  covered 
  

   this 
  land 
  it 
  was 
  much 
  higher 
  than 
  now. 
  The 
  evidence 
  of 
  this 
  

   is 
  as 
  striking 
  as 
  that 
  on 
  the 
  coast 
  of 
  Maine. 
  The 
  land 
  valleys 
  

   are 
  in 
  all 
  stages 
  of 
  submergence 
  ; 
  in 
  Hudson 
  Straits 
  there 
  are 
  

   entirely 
  submerged 
  strike 
  valleys, 
  others 
  into 
  which 
  the 
  sea 
  

   enters, 
  and 
  still 
  others 
  entirely 
  above 
  the 
  sea 
  level. 
  The 
  fjords, 
  

   the 
  nearly 
  land-locked 
  bays 
  and 
  sounds, 
  and 
  the 
  land 
  valleys 
  

   extending 
  beneath 
  the 
  sea, 
  make 
  this 
  coast 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  most 
  irregu- 
  

   larly 
  indented 
  shores 
  in 
  the 
  world. 
  It 
  is 
  possible 
  to 
  navigate 
  for 
  

   fifty 
  miles 
  behind 
  the 
  land 
  on 
  the 
  southern 
  side 
  of 
  Cumber- 
  

   land 
  Sound, 
  being 
  all 
  the 
  time 
  behind 
  hills 
  which 
  reach 
  five 
  

   hundred 
  or 
  a 
  thousand 
  feet 
  above 
  the 
  sea. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  practically 
  certain 
  that 
  the 
  glacial 
  conditions 
  came 
  when 
  

   this 
  land 
  was 
  higher. 
  When 
  the 
  ice 
  disappeared 
  the 
  ancient 
  

   highland 
  was 
  reduced 
  in 
  elevation, 
  and 
  the 
  level 
  of 
  the 
  hills 
  

   was 
  lowered 
  three 
  or 
  four 
  hundred 
  feet 
  below 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  

   sea, 
  for 
  beaches 
  are 
  found 
  at 
  this 
  elevation, 
  in 
  various 
  parts 
  of 
  

  

  *Tarr, 
  Am. 
  Geol., 
  1897, 
  xix, 
  131 
  and 
  191. 
  

  

  