﻿Botany 
  and 
  Zoology. 
  355 
  

  

  the 
  typography 
  is 
  excellent. 
  The 
  great 
  value 
  of 
  this 
  work, 
  

   indispensable 
  to 
  algologists, 
  lies 
  in 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  a 
  cata- 
  

   logue 
  prepared 
  by 
  a 
  professional 
  catalogue-maker, 
  but 
  an 
  Index 
  

   arranged 
  by 
  an 
  expert, 
  in 
  the 
  subject 
  who 
  has 
  a 
  thorough 
  practi- 
  

   cal 
  acquaintance 
  with 
  the 
  Desmids 
  themselves. 
  w. 
  g. 
  f. 
  

  

  6. 
  Die 
  Protrophie 
  ; 
  by 
  Dr. 
  Aethur 
  Minks. 
  Berlin, 
  1896. 
  

   pp. 
  247, 
  8vo. 
  — 
  Early 
  in 
  1896. 
  Dr. 
  Minks 
  £ave 
  a 
  preliminary 
  ac- 
  

   count 
  in 
  the 
  Oester. 
  Bot. 
  Zeit. 
  of 
  what 
  he 
  terms 
  "eine 
  neue 
  

   Lebensgemeinschaft." 
  The 
  present 
  volume 
  gives 
  a 
  detailed 
  

   account 
  of 
  his 
  discovery. 
  The 
  discovery 
  may 
  perhaps 
  belter 
  be 
  

   styled 
  an 
  invention, 
  for 
  the 
  name 
  protrophie 
  designates 
  a 
  condi- 
  

   tion 
  previously 
  recognized 
  in 
  certain 
  lichens, 
  as 
  Biatora 
  intu- 
  

   mescens, 
  by 
  which 
  they 
  at 
  first 
  exist 
  in 
  a 
  parasitic 
  condition 
  on 
  

   other 
  lichens 
  and, 
  after 
  destroying 
  them, 
  lead 
  an 
  independent 
  

   existence. 
  To 
  this 
  condition 
  Malme, 
  who 
  is 
  a 
  Schwendenerite, 
  

   gave 
  the 
  name 
  of 
  Antagonistic 
  Symbiosis. 
  Minks, 
  who 
  is 
  far 
  

   from 
  being 
  a 
  Schwendenerite, 
  calls 
  it 
  Protrophie. 
  By 
  those 
  who 
  

   do 
  not 
  feel 
  called 
  upon 
  to 
  advocate 
  any 
  particular 
  hypothesis, 
  it 
  

   might 
  be 
  supposed 
  that 
  it 
  would 
  be 
  as 
  well 
  to 
  speak 
  of 
  it 
  simply 
  

   as 
  a 
  case 
  of 
  parasitism, 
  and 
  in 
  some, 
  at 
  least, 
  of 
  the 
  cases 
  cited 
  by 
  

   Minks 
  the 
  inquiry 
  seems 
  pertinent 
  whether 
  the 
  protrophie 
  plants 
  

   should 
  not 
  be 
  called 
  fungi 
  rather 
  than 
  lichens. 
  On 
  that 
  point, 
  

   however, 
  discussion 
  is 
  out 
  of 
  the 
  question, 
  because 
  what 
  is 
  or 
  is 
  

   not 
  a 
  lichen 
  is 
  a 
  point 
  on 
  which 
  lichenologists 
  and 
  mycologists 
  

   have 
  never 
  been 
  able 
  to 
  agree. 
  w. 
  g. 
  f. 
  

  

  7. 
  The 
  supposed 
  great 
  Octopus 
  of 
  Florida 
  ; 
  certainly 
  not 
  a 
  

   Cephalopod. 
  — 
  Additional 
  facts 
  have 
  been 
  ascertained 
  and 
  speci- 
  

   mens 
  received, 
  that 
  render 
  it 
  quite 
  certain 
  that 
  this 
  remarkable 
  

   structure 
  is 
  not 
  the 
  body 
  of 
  a 
  Cephalopod. 
  It 
  was 
  described 
  by 
  

   me, 
  in 
  the 
  February 
  number 
  of 
  this 
  Journal, 
  as 
  the 
  body 
  of 
  an 
  

   Octopus,* 
  from 
  the 
  examination 
  of 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  photographs, 
  and 
  

   the 
  statement 
  made 
  to 
  me 
  that, 
  when 
  it 
  was 
  first 
  cast 
  ashore, 
  

   stumps 
  of 
  arms 
  were 
  found 
  adherent 
  to 
  one 
  end, 
  one 
  of 
  which 
  was 
  

   said 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  36 
  feet 
  long.f 
  Subsequently, 
  when 
  it 
  was 
  exca- 
  

   vated 
  and 
  moved, 
  this 
  statement 
  proved 
  to 
  be 
  erroneous. 
  Appa- 
  

   rently 
  nothing 
  that 
  can 
  be 
  called 
  stumps 
  of 
  arms, 
  or 
  any 
  other 
  

   appendages, 
  were 
  present. 
  Folds 
  of 
  the 
  integument 
  and 
  muti- 
  

  

  * 
  Many 
  other 
  zoologists 
  who 
  examined 
  the 
  photographs 
  held 
  the 
  same 
  opinion. 
  

   Some 
  of 
  those 
  who 
  have 
  seen 
  the 
  samples 
  of 
  integument 
  sent 
  to 
  me 
  still 
  believe 
  

   that 
  the 
  specimen 
  may 
  be 
  the 
  body 
  of 
  some 
  unknown 
  genus 
  of 
  Cephalopods, 
  

   allied 
  to 
  0< 
  topus. 
  But 
  the 
  thick 
  integument 
  of 
  a 
  Cephalopod 
  is 
  necessarily 
  mus- 
  

   cular 
  and 
  highly 
  contractile, 
  while 
  in 
  this 
  creature 
  it 
  is 
  elastic 
  and 
  resist 
  int. 
  and 
  

   not 
  at 
  all 
  contractile. 
  Therefore 
  I 
  cannot 
  refer 
  it 
  to 
  that 
  group, 
  after 
  having 
  ex- 
  

   amined 
  this 
  structure. 
  

  

  f 
  The 
  following 
  is 
  the 
  written 
  statement, 
  made 
  by 
  Mr. 
  Wilson 
  to 
  Dr. 
  Webb, 
  

   in 
  regard 
  to 
  the 
  ••arms" 
  that 
  he 
  found 
  when 
  it 
  first 
  went 
  ashore 
  : 
  " 
  One 
  arm 
  

   was 
  lying 
  west 
  of 
  body. 
  23 
  feet 
  long; 
  one 
  stump 
  of 
  arm. 
  west 
  of 
  body, 
  about 
  4 
  

   feet; 
  three 
  arms 
  lyiDg 
  south 
  of 
  body 
  and 
  from 
  appearauces 
  attached 
  to 
  same 
  

   (although 
  I 
  did 
  not 
  dig 
  quite 
  to 
  body, 
  as 
  it 
  laid 
  well 
  down 
  in 
  the 
  sand, 
  and 
  I 
  was 
  

   very 
  tired), 
  longest 
  one 
  measured 
  over 
  32 
  feet 
  , 
  the 
  other 
  arms 
  were 
  3 
  to 
  5 
  feet 
  

   shorter." 
  Soon 
  after 
  this 
  examination 
  the 
  specimen 
  went 
  adrift 
  in 
  another 
  

   severe 
  storm 
  and 
  was 
  again 
  cast 
  ashore 
  two 
  miles 
  farther 
  south, 
  which 
  will 
  

   probably 
  account 
  for 
  the 
  loss 
  of 
  these 
  supposed 
  arms. 
  

  

  