﻿460 
  P. 
  F. 
  Schneider 
  — 
  Geologic 
  Fault 
  in 
  New 
  York. 
  

  

  niferous 
  limestone, 
  until 
  at 
  a 
  distance 
  of 
  260 
  yards 
  from 
  the 
  

   turnpike 
  we 
  come 
  to 
  a 
  comparatively 
  level 
  spot 
  which 
  is 
  filled 
  

   with 
  the 
  detritus 
  of 
  the 
  stream, 
  probably 
  indicating 
  that 
  the 
  

   top 
  of 
  the 
  limestone 
  has 
  been 
  reached. 
  But 
  from 
  the 
  southern 
  

   end 
  of 
  this 
  level 
  stretch 
  rises 
  a 
  great 
  curved 
  wall, 
  as 
  it 
  were, 
  

   of 
  limestone. 
  This 
  can 
  be 
  noticed 
  merely 
  for 
  the 
  width 
  of 
  

   the 
  stream. 
  It 
  looks 
  just 
  as 
  though 
  one 
  layer 
  had 
  been 
  

   stretched 
  across 
  the 
  channel 
  of 
  the 
  stream 
  and 
  then 
  by 
  the 
  

   application 
  of 
  great 
  pressure 
  at 
  the 
  northern 
  end 
  it 
  had 
  been 
  

   forcibly 
  bent 
  down 
  some 
  twenty 
  or 
  more 
  feet 
  there. 
  The 
  dis- 
  

   tance 
  up 
  over 
  the 
  inclined 
  layers 
  and 
  back 
  to 
  the 
  horizontal 
  

   rocks 
  again 
  is 
  232 
  feet. 
  The 
  sharpest 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  bend 
  is 
  

   toward 
  the 
  northern 
  end 
  where 
  the 
  layers 
  stand 
  almost 
  verti- 
  

   cally. 
  This 
  folded 
  layer 
  (for 
  only 
  the 
  one 
  is 
  visible) 
  has 
  been 
  

   fractured 
  in 
  various 
  places, 
  showing 
  crevasses 
  several 
  inches 
  in 
  

   width 
  and 
  extending 
  downward 
  a 
  foot 
  or 
  more. 
  The 
  banks 
  of 
  

   this 
  stream 
  are 
  composed 
  either 
  of 
  the 
  fissile 
  shales 
  of 
  the 
  

   Marcellus 
  group, 
  or 
  of 
  the 
  dark 
  colored 
  soil 
  which 
  is 
  the 
  

   decomposed 
  shale, 
  as 
  the 
  many 
  small 
  pieces 
  which 
  it 
  contains 
  

   readily 
  prove. 
  Thus 
  the 
  layers 
  of 
  limestone 
  are 
  on 
  a 
  level 
  

   with 
  the 
  shales, 
  and 
  a 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  limestone 
  some 
  20-25 
  feet 
  

   above 
  the 
  lowest 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  shales. 
  

  

  Beyond 
  the 
  southern 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  monocline 
  we 
  find 
  merely 
  

   the 
  horizontal 
  layers 
  of 
  shale 
  and 
  presently 
  the 
  contained 
  

   layers 
  of 
  the 
  Goniatite 
  limestone 
  with 
  its 
  characteristic 
  fossils, 
  

   but 
  there 
  are 
  no 
  further 
  traces 
  of 
  the 
  disturbance 
  up 
  stream. 
  

   That 
  the 
  disturbance 
  here 
  in 
  Gifford's 
  Glen 
  is 
  identical 
  with 
  

   that 
  mentioned 
  by 
  Yanuxem 
  as 
  existing 
  on 
  the 
  Nettleton 
  farm 
  

   can 
  hardly 
  be 
  doubted. 
  The 
  conditions 
  are 
  very 
  similar, 
  and 
  

   the 
  shales 
  have 
  an 
  unusually 
  dark 
  color 
  which, 
  together 
  with 
  

   their 
  bituminous 
  odor, 
  would 
  readily 
  suggest 
  the 
  existence 
  of 
  

   coal. 
  The 
  fault-line 
  connecting 
  these 
  two 
  most 
  prominent 
  dis- 
  

   turbances 
  would 
  soon 
  lead 
  us 
  to 
  the 
  eastward 
  from 
  Gifford's 
  

   into 
  the 
  hillside 
  composed 
  of 
  thick 
  Marcellus 
  shales, 
  and 
  as 
  

   there 
  are 
  no 
  streams 
  in 
  this 
  direction 
  which 
  have 
  worn 
  through 
  

   the 
  shales 
  to 
  the 
  underlying 
  limestone, 
  the 
  fault 
  could 
  not 
  be 
  

   traced 
  beyond 
  this 
  point. 
  As 
  the 
  greatest 
  amount 
  of 
  displace- 
  

   ment 
  observed 
  exists 
  at 
  Gifford's 
  Glen, 
  it 
  would 
  seem 
  that 
  the 
  

   fault 
  exists 
  for 
  a 
  considerable 
  distance 
  to 
  the 
  eastward 
  from 
  

   that 
  point. 
  That 
  it 
  must 
  extend 
  for 
  some 
  distance 
  to 
  the 
  west 
  

   of 
  Fillmore's 
  is 
  also 
  evident. 
  The 
  fault-line 
  connecting 
  these 
  

   two 
  disturbances 
  lies 
  20° 
  north 
  of 
  east 
  ; 
  the 
  localities 
  are 
  

   nearly 
  a 
  half 
  mile 
  apart. 
  

  

  Further 
  observations 
  along 
  this 
  parallel 
  may 
  result 
  in 
  bring- 
  

   ing 
  other 
  traces 
  of 
  the 
  fault 
  to 
  light, 
  but 
  this 
  is 
  not 
  probable. 
  

   Special 
  interest 
  and 
  importance 
  attaches 
  to 
  this 
  subject 
  at 
  this 
  

   time, 
  because 
  it 
  gives 
  to 
  us 
  another 
  disturbance 
  in 
  this 
  region 
  

   where 
  until 
  recently 
  such 
  disturbances 
  were 
  not 
  supposed 
  to 
  

   exist. 
  

  

  Syracuse, 
  N. 
  Y. 
  

  

  