﻿Miscellaneous 
  Intelligence. 
  491 
  

  

  occur 
  to 
  the 
  reader, 
  and 
  which 
  are 
  probably 
  already 
  in 
  his 
  hands, 
  

   cover 
  the 
  chief 
  types 
  of 
  dogmatic 
  teaching 
  and 
  of 
  laboratory 
  

   work 
  in 
  Botany. 
  Confining 
  our 
  notice 
  to 
  the 
  half 
  dozen 
  here 
  

   mentioned, 
  we 
  may 
  say 
  that 
  the 
  order 
  in 
  which 
  they 
  are 
  arranged, 
  

   although 
  substantially 
  chronological, 
  represents 
  a 
  scale 
  of 
  decreas- 
  

   ing 
  difficulty 
  and 
  diminishing 
  scope. 
  In 
  their 
  respective 
  works. 
  

   Professor 
  Bower 
  and 
  Professor 
  Spalding 
  seek 
  to 
  lead 
  the 
  student 
  

   over 
  a 
  very 
  large 
  field 
  of 
  morphological 
  and 
  histological 
  study, 
  

   leaving 
  little 
  to 
  be 
  done 
  as 
  preliminary 
  to 
  special 
  botanical 
  re- 
  

   search. 
  Professor 
  Bower's 
  book 
  is 
  a 
  trifle 
  more 
  technical 
  in 
  its 
  

   treatment 
  : 
  Professor 
  Spalding 
  devotes 
  rather 
  more 
  attention 
  to 
  

   matters 
  of 
  relationship. 
  

  

  The 
  works 
  by 
  Mr. 
  Darwin 
  and 
  Mr. 
  Bergen 
  are 
  essentially 
  of 
  

   one 
  type. 
  They 
  deal 
  with 
  the 
  elements 
  of 
  morphology, 
  histology, 
  

   and 
  physiology, 
  drawing 
  the 
  mind 
  of 
  the 
  pupils 
  very 
  early 
  in 
  the 
  

   direction 
  of 
  habits. 
  Mr. 
  Bergen's 
  handbook 
  has 
  also 
  a 
  short 
  

   account 
  of 
  the 
  most 
  common 
  plants 
  of 
  the 
  northern 
  and 
  middle 
  

   States, 
  as 
  a 
  sort 
  of 
  introduction 
  to 
  work 
  with 
  some 
  manual 
  or 
  

   flora. 
  

  

  The 
  works 
  by 
  Professor 
  Setchell 
  and 
  Professor 
  MacBride 
  form 
  

   a 
  third 
  category. 
  These 
  are 
  distinctly 
  more 
  elementary 
  than 
  the 
  

   foregoing, 
  both 
  in 
  scope 
  and 
  treatment, 
  the 
  latter 
  being 
  the 
  

   simpler 
  of 
  the 
  two. 
  Both 
  give 
  much 
  attention 
  to 
  morphology, 
  to 
  

   habits, 
  and 
  to 
  adaptations. 
  They 
  discard 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  the 
  com- 
  

   pound 
  microscope, 
  and 
  make 
  the 
  studies 
  depend, 
  where 
  this 
  is 
  

   necessary, 
  on 
  the 
  simple 
  lens. 
  With 
  these 
  six 
  excellent 
  types 
  

   before 
  us, 
  it 
  is 
  difficult 
  to 
  see 
  where 
  a 
  new 
  handbook 
  could 
  find 
  a 
  

   place. 
  Certainly, 
  with 
  these 
  and 
  with 
  the 
  earlier 
  handbooks, 
  

   every 
  teacher 
  of 
  botany 
  in 
  our 
  secondary 
  schools 
  ought 
  to 
  be 
  able 
  

   to 
  put 
  himself 
  and 
  his 
  classes 
  in 
  possession 
  of 
  an 
  acceptable 
  

   manual 
  adapted 
  to 
  the 
  particular 
  case. 
  g. 
  l. 
  g. 
  

  

  IY. 
  Miscellaneous 
  Scientific 
  Intelligence. 
  

  

  1. 
  Researches 
  on 
  the 
  Evolution 
  of 
  Stellar 
  Systems. 
  Vol. 
  I. 
  

   On 
  the 
  Universality 
  of 
  the 
  Law 
  of 
  Gravitation 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  Orbits 
  

   and 
  General 
  Characteristics 
  of 
  Biliary 
  Stars 
  / 
  by 
  T. 
  J. 
  J. 
  See. 
  

   pp. 
  258, 
  4to. 
  Lynn, 
  Mass., 
  1896. 
  — 
  Mr. 
  See's 
  volume 
  is 
  attrac- 
  

   tive 
  from 
  its 
  elegant 
  and 
  carefully 
  finished 
  form, 
  while 
  its 
  fullness 
  

   of 
  detail 
  in 
  all 
  matters 
  relating 
  to 
  double 
  stars 
  makes 
  it 
  a 
  most 
  

   useful 
  hand-book. 
  Its 
  value 
  consists, 
  however, 
  not 
  chiefly 
  in 
  its 
  

   statistics, 
  valuable 
  as 
  these 
  are, 
  but 
  in 
  the 
  use 
  which 
  the 
  author 
  

   makes 
  of 
  statistics 
  for 
  theoretical 
  research, 
  and 
  for 
  the 
  emphasis 
  

   with 
  which 
  he 
  presents 
  the 
  claims 
  of 
  the 
  astronomy 
  of 
  binaries 
  

   to 
  a 
  place 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  importance. 
  

  

  The 
  processes 
  of 
  weighing 
  and 
  measuring 
  which 
  are 
  well 
  nigh 
  

   brought 
  to 
  completion 
  within 
  the 
  solar 
  system 
  have 
  scarcely 
  

   begun 
  among 
  the 
  infinities 
  of 
  space 
  and 
  matter 
  beyond 
  its 
  limits. 
  

   Unless 
  some 
  means 
  can 
  be 
  found 
  to 
  advance 
  from 
  these 
  beginnings 
  

   until 
  columns 
  become 
  volumes, 
  the 
  prospect 
  of 
  carrying 
  any 
  

  

  