REPORT OF THE STATE GEOLOGIST. Ixi 



THE HICKORY SERTES. 



The lower of these is found well developed at House Mountain, in 

 the valley of Hickory Creek, and at other places. The rocks included 

 in it are a coarse conglomerate at the base, which becomes finer-grained 

 toward the top, and folded into several broad folds by granitic up- 

 heavals. 



THE RILEY SERIES. 



Lying uo conformably in the synclinal valleys thus produced we find 

 shallow water deposits (sandstones) of various colors, which were 

 formed directly from the detritus of the underlying rocks. These con- 

 stitute the Kiley Series, and often contain iron deposits of sufficient 

 richness to be of value as ore. It is in the rocks of this series in 

 which we find our first evidences of animal life in the few fossil re- 

 mains which occur. 



THE KATEMCY SERIES. 



The Kiley Series is in its turn overlaid by a series of beds called 

 the Katemcy, which has a very wide distribution in this area, and 

 which corresponds to the "Potsdam" of all geologies. The rocks of 

 this series show a gradually deepening sea, and begin with a sandstone 

 of a red color, overlaid by white, and that by a friable greensand bed, 

 which together are known as the Potsdam Sandstones. Above these 

 we find in many places a series of greenish shales and sandy lime- 

 stones, to which we give the name of Potsdam Flags. As the sub- 

 sidence continued a bed of limestones was laid down upon the shales 

 and flags, or upon a conglomerate formed of them, by the water of the 

 sea. These Potsdam Limestones are in many places impregnated with 

 particles of greensand. 



The disturbance which had marked the course of each preceding 

 system were continued throughout this one also, but with somewhat 

 diminished power, until finally the system was brought to a close by 

 the elevation into a land area of a large portion of it on the west. 

 The beds of iron ore which have been mentioned above, are results of 

 alterations of the magnetites already described under the Fernanda n 

 System. They are chiefly segregations in the sandstone, and bonanzas 

 of these ores seem to occupy zones following the trends of the magnetite 

 belts. These ores, beside being valuable for the iron they contain, may 



