94 



GULF TEETIAEY OF TEXAS. 





0> 



o 



to 



a 

 1 



< 



a 

 o 



M 



O 



1 



3 



c3 



M 



.2 



o . 



fa 





•2 IS 

 5° 



S3 



o 



h 



1 . . 



2 ... 



2.66 



19.85 



19.91 



32.20 



25.8 



50.652 



75.286 



68.114 



21.36 



29.12 



16.10 



20.95 



25.95 



30 85 



32.00 



30.23 

 31.25 

 18.24 

 42.20 



33.82 

 31.89 

 28.96 

 19. 15 

 23.534* 



10.80 



2.61 

 0.90 



1.21 



0.48 



Trace 



0.80 



"o.n 



0.49 



1.64 



5.48* 

 6.39 

 2.5 

 2.216 

 0.302 

 '2.118 

 3.39 

 1.58 

 2.26 

 3.94 

 2.12 

 3.44 

 3.11 



0.8*' 



3.05 



0.26 



2.631 



2.929 



2.625 



0.11 



0.62 



0.04 



0.93 



0.13 



1.12 



0.66 





3 ... 



4 ... 



4.95 



0.02 



5 . 







6 . . . 













1 ... 



13.65 

 14.30 

 13.09 

 16.28 

 11.20 

 16.81 

 20.66 



20.011* 



32.21 



42.1 



49.46 



41.62 



45.25 



36.83 



34.94 













8 ... 



9 ... 

 10 ... 



5.52 

 6.10 



19.00 

 11.21 

 9.80 

 1.81 

 5.20 

 0.60 

 0.66 



0.32 

 0.12 

 1.48 

 1.46 

 1.40 

 1.46 

 1.14 



0.61 



0.58 

 1.88 







11 ... 



5.65 

 5.85 

 6.00 

 6.35 





12 ... 



13 ... 



14 ... 



0.38 

 0.41 

 0.42 







* Iron and alumina. 



LIGNITES. 



The lignites of Eastern Texas have been mentioned in many places in this re- 

 port in the description of the geology of the various parts of the region. They 

 consist of the decayed vegetation which covered the region during the time 

 that the lignites and their accompanying sandy and clayey strata were being 

 deposited. In them are found the remains of trunks of trees, branches, and 

 leaves, with impressions of reeds and other bog or swamp flora. In fact 

 every lignite bed in the region represents the position occupied by an ancient 

 swamp or coast lagoon. Probably most of the Texas lignites were formed 

 in bayous and lagoons on the coast, and the vegetable matter was carried to 

 them by rivers. 



Such places were probably heavily timbered, and year after year the trees 

 dropped their leaves and dead branches on the moist ground. Here they 

 collected and were mixed up with dead reeds, moss, grass, etc. As the trees 

 themselves died they also lay down in the same grave, and rotted in the same 

 boggy waters as their leaves and branches, until often a great thickness of 

 decayed vegetable matter had collected. Then, from some cause, either from 

 a change of elevation of the land or an increase of rainfall, and hence of sur- 

 face waters, these beds were submerged. The waters passing over them de- 

 posited sand and clay on top of the vegetable matter, and often reached a 

 thickness of several hundred feet, compressing it by their weight into a solid 

 mass. Hence the lignite beds as they now exist, overlaid and underlaid by 

 sands and clays. It might happen that these same sand and clay beds that 

 had been deposited over the vegetable matter may be again raised above the 

 water level, form the bottom of another bog, collect more dead trees, leaves, 

 etc., and again be submerged to be covered by sand and clay, in the same way 



