xvm CONTENTS. 



PAGE 



of atmospheric composition, 642. The cHmatic effects 

 of organic action, 643. 



(2) Aid and hindrance to inorganic action 644 



The promotion of disintegration, 644. Protection 

 against erosion, 644. The influence of land vegetation 

 on the character of the sediments, 645. 



(3) Distinctive deposits ._ 646 



Organic rocks, 646. Inorganic rocks due to life, 646. 



Fossils 646 



The general order of life succession determined by 

 stratigraphy, 647. Fossils as means of correlation, 647. 



Special Modes of Aggregation and of Movement. . , 648 



The Mental Element. \ .... . .,. 649 



(1) The material effects of the mental element, 649. 

 Human modification of the animal and vegetal kingdoms, 650. 

 (2) The psychological factors as such, 651. 



II. Special Contributions of the Organic Kingdoms. .... ... . . . 652 



Contributions of the Plant Kingdom : . . . . 652 



: Reference table of the principal groups of plants, 653. 

 The contribution of the Thallophytes, 653. The contribution 

 of the Bryophytes, 656. The contribution of the Pteri- 

 dophytes, 657. The contribution of the Spermatophytes, 

 657. Plant life terrestrial rather than marine, 658. 



Contributions of the Animal Kingdom 658 



Reference table of the principal groups of animals, 659. 

 The . contribution of the Protozoa, 660. The contribution of 

 the Coelenterata, 661. The contribution of the Echinoder- 

 mata, 661. The contribution of the Vermes, 662. The con- 

 tribution of the Molluscoidea, 662. The contribution of the 

 MoUusca, 662. The contribution of the Arthropoda, 662. 

 The contribution of the Vertebrata, 663. 



III. The Associations and Ecological Relations of Life 663 



The Basis of Floras and Faunas , 663 



Assemblages Influenced by the Mutual Relations of Organisms 664 



Food relations, 664. Adaptive relations, 665. Competi- 

 tive relations, 665. Offensive and defensive relations, 665. 

 Implied forms of life, 666. 



Assemblages Influenced by Environment 666 



' , Plant societies, 667. 

 Tfie Influence of Geographic Conditions on the Evolution of Floras 



and Faunas 668 



