674 



INDEX. 



Bayou, 192 



Bayou lakes, 193 



Bays, 



origin of, 331, 332 



Beach, the, 355 



Beauxite, 461 



Beck, R., 474 



Becker, G. F., 474 



Bergschrund, 258 



Bertin, 323 



Beryl, 461 



Bighorn Mountains, lateral mo- 

 raines in, 302 



Biotlte, 400, 461 



Bischoff, Gustav, 108 



Bismuth, 461 



" Bittern," 377 



Bitumen, 461 



Bituminous coal, 426, 468 



Blake, W. P., 474 



Blanford, W. T., 28, 203 



Blood rain, 25 



Blue mud, 380 



Bone beds, 663 



Bonneville lake, 360 



Bonneville shore, 352 



Bottom-set beds, 202 



Bowlders, 468 



Brachiopods, geologic contribu- 

 tions of, 662 



Brahmaputra delta, 203 



Branner, J. C, 489 



Breakers, 341 

 force of, 344 



Breccia, 423, 434, 468 



Britannare, 459 



Bronzite, 461 



Bryozoans, geologic contribu- 

 tions of, 662 



Buckley, E. R., 48, 50, 221 

 Buhrstone, 468 



Burton (and Milne, J.), 636 

 Buttes, 142 



Bysmaliths, 500, 592 



Calcareous springs, 235 

 Calcareous tufa, 390 

 Calcimine rocks, 458 

 Calcite, 461 

 Calc-sinter, 468 



Calumet and Hecla mine, tem- 

 perature in, 569 

 Calvin, S., 88, 204, 373. 389 

 Campbell, M. R., 167, 171. i73 

 Camphene, 646 

 Cannel coal, 468 

 Canoe-shaped valleys, 155 

 Canyons, 94-100 



Colorado, 98, 233 



Niagara, 99 



Yellowstone, 100 

 Carbonation, 43, 429 

 Carbon dioxide, 



amount in air, 5, 640 



and plant-life, 665 



climatic effects of, 643 



loss of, 640 



supply of, 618, 640 

 Cascade, 264 

 Cassiterite, 461 



Catlinite, 461 



Causes of crustal movement, 



551-557 

 Caverns (see Caves) 

 Caves, 143, 227-231 



deposits in, 228 



Mammoth, 227 



sea, 350 



Wyandotte, 227 

 Cazrn, F. M. F., 474 

 Cementation, 



effected through chemical pre- 

 cipitation, 222, 225, 226 



effected through evaporation, 

 42 

 Cephalopods, geologic contribu- 

 tions of, 662 

 Chalcedony, 461 

 Chalk, 468, 660 

 Challenger deep, 587, 588 

 Chalybeate springs, 235 

 Chamberlin, T. C, 23, 242, 256, 



322, 477, 565,668 

 Changes of level, 537-551 



caused by earthquakes, 536 



causes of, 551-557 



effect on drainage, 161 



sea versus land, 538 

 Changes of temperature, 



conditions affecting, 45 



effect on rocks, 44, 49 



internal (see Internal temper- 

 atures) 

 Charleston earthquake, 530 

 Chatter marks, 284 

 Chemical combination, cause of 



crustal movement, 556 

 Chemical deposits, 222-26 



in deep sea, 383 



in lakes, 391 



in shallow sea, 374-378 

 Chemical work of atmosphere, 



41-43 

 Chemical work of life, 638-46 

 Chert, 426, 468 

 Chiastolite, 461 

 Chimney rocks, 350 

 Chlorite, 461 

 Chlorite schist, 468 

 Chloritic rock, 431 

 Chromite, 461 

 Chrysolite, 462 

 Chrysotile, 462 

 Cinder-cones, 608 

 Cinders, 405 

 Cirques, 286 

 Clarke, F. W., 396, 573 

 Classification of rocks, 449 



new system of, 451 

 Clastic rock, 468 

 Clay, 468 



Clay ironstone, 468 

 Claypole, E. W., 549 

 Cleavage planes and erosion, 125 



development of (see Slate and 

 Schist) 

 Cliff glacier, 256 

 Climate, 



influence on erosion, 127- 

 132 



Climatic effec'.s of carbon diox- 

 ide, 643 

 Climatic effects of life, 643 

 Climatic effects of water vapor, 



643 

 Clinkstone, 468 

 Clinometer, 501 

 Coal, 468 

 Coast-Unes 353, 363-6 



effect of gradation on, 333, 

 363 



effect of subsidence on, 329, 

 332 

 effect of vulcanism on, 332-33 



forms of, 329, 333, 363, 364 

 Coast ranges, crustal, shortening 



due to folding of, 549 

 Coasts, natural bridges on, 351 

 Cobb, C, 36 



Ccelenterata, geologic contribu- 

 tion of, 661 

 Collins, A. L., 474 

 Colorado, Canyon of, 98, 233 

 Columbia River, 171 

 Columnar structure, 498-500 



effect on weathering, 153, 154 

 Common springs, 235 

 Compression joints, 514 

 Concave tracts of crust, 585, 586 

 Concretions, 438, 468, 490 

 Cones. 



cinder, 608 



composite, 610 



formation of, 608 



geyser, 237 



lava, 608 



spatter, 610 

 I tufa, 611 

 Configuration of coasts, 329, 330, 



331, 332, 333, 353, 363-6 

 Conformability, 15 

 Conglomerate, 423, 434, 468, 



487 

 Continental glaziers, 251 

 Continental platforms, 11 



relief of, 11 

 Continental segments, size of, 



547 

 Continental shelf, 11 

 Continent-forming movements 



544 

 Contour interval, 31 

 Contour lines, 31 

 Convection hypothesis, 



internal heat on, 559 



thermal distribution on, 55r 

 Cooley, E. G., 195 

 Coon Butte, 596 

 Copalite, 646 

 Coprolites, 646 

 Coquina, 469 

 Coral mud, 380 

 Cornish, V., 26, 28, 29 

 Corrasion, 110, 113 



by glaciers, 283-86 



by streams, 119 



by waves, 342-49 



by wind, 38 



effect of sediment on, 120 

 Corthell, E. L., 202 



