INDEX. 



677 



Folded ranges, distribution of, 



543 

 Foliing and vulcanism, 628 

 Folds, 



anticlinal, 504. 505 



effect on valleys, 154 



isoclinal, 504 



synclinal, 504 

 Folds and faults, 515 

 Foliation of ice, 272 

 Foliation of rocks, 443 

 Foraminifera, geologic contribu- 

 tion of, 660 

 Forbes, J. D., 256, 322 

 Forel, F. A., 323. 386 

 Fore-set beds, 202 

 Formation, 487 

 Forster, W. G., 536 

 "Fossil" deltas, 203 

 Foss'.ls, 16, 646 



a means of correlation, 647 

 Fossils and stratigraphy, 647 

 Fouque, F., 635, 636 

 Fracture, zone of, 219 

 Frank, A. B., 642 

 Freestone, 469 



French Broad River, the, 168 

 Fulgurites, 52, 469 

 Fungi, geologic contribution of, 

 653 



Gabbroids, 453 



Gabbros, 416, 452, 469 



Galenite, 441 



Ganges River, delta of, 203 



Gangue, 469 



Gannister, 469 



Garnet, 462 



Garnetite, 469 



Gaseous emanations, 



during earthquakes, 533 



from volcanoes, 617 

 Gases in volcanic rocks, 619 

 Gases, volcanic, 617-623 



amount of, 620 



kinds of, 618, 619 



proportions of, 620, 622 



sources of, 621 

 Gastropods, geologic contribu- 

 tions of, 662 

 Geantcline, 505 

 Geest, 469 

 Geikie, A., 203, 224, 344, 534- 



536, 636 

 Geodes, 436, 4Q7 

 Geognosy, 1,5. 393-485 

 Geologic effects of earthquakes, 



534 

 Geologic functions of life, 638 

 Geologic processes, man's influ- 

 ence on, 649 

 Geologic time divisions, 19 

 Geology, 



astronomic, i, 2 



atmospheric, 2 



cosmic, I 



dominant processes of, 2 



dynamic, i 



economic, i 



geotectonic, i, 486 



Geology, 



glacial, 2 



historical, i 



mining, i 



paleontologic, 1 



philosophic, i 



physiographic , I 



scope of, I 



structural, i, 486 



subdivisions of. i 

 George, R. D., 545 

 Geosyncline, 505 

 Geotectonic geology, i, 486-525 

 Gerber, E., 195 

 Gerland, 538 

 Geschiebe wall, 300 

 Geyserite, 463, 469 

 Geysers, 236 



deposits of, 237 



of Yellowstone Park, 239 



period of eruption, 240 



positions of. 241 

 Gilbert, G. K., ii; no, 140, 194, 

 198, 203, 339, 355, 388 , 489, 

 596 ^ 

 Glacial debris, 



how carried, 290 



nature of, 286 



shifting position in transit, 

 292, 293, 294 296, 297 

 Glacial deposits, nature of, 304 

 Glacial erosion^ 



conditions influencing, 283 



topographic effects of, 287 

 Glacial motion, 313-321 



auxiliary elements of, 317 



fundamental element of. 313 

 Glacial plucking, 282 

 Glaciated rock surfaces, 304 

 Glacier ice, 



beginning of movement, 248 



definition of, 250 



granular texture of. 247 



shearing of, 317 

 Glacier movement, 259, 313-323 



at low temperature, 279 



effect of water on, 318 



rates, 260, 261 



views of, 321 

 Glaciers, 



alpine, 254 



cliff, 256 



compared with rivers, 262 



conditions influencing move- 

 ment, 261 



constitution> 308 



continental, 251 



crevasses, 264 



deformation, 312 



drainage of, 273, 280 



foliation, 247, 272 



evaporation, 279 



general phenomena 256 



getting load, 282 



growth of, 308 



growth of granules, 310, 311 



high-latitude, 254 



limits of, 258 



motion in terminal part, 

 316 



Glaciers, 



movements of, 259, 279, 313^ 

 323 



piedmont, 254 



polar, 254 



rate of movement of, 260, 261 



reconstructed, 256 



stratification of, 247 



structure of, 308 



surface features of, 266 



temperature of, 273-279 



thickening of layers at end, 

 297 



topography of, 266 



types of, 251 



upturning of ice at ends and 

 edges, 296, 297, 298 



valley, 254 



waste of, 273 



work of, 244, 281 

 Glacio-fluvial work, 305-308 

 Glass, volcanic, 451 

 Glassy rocks, 406 

 Glauconite, 384, 386, 463 

 Globigerina ooze, 380, 382, 660 

 GlobuliteS; 407, 469 

 Gneiss, 415, 446, 448, 469 

 Gooch, F. A. (and Whitfield, J. 



E.),236 

 Gorge, 100 

 Grad, Ch., 322 

 Gradation, 2 



by running water, 56-212 



effect on coast- lines, 334 



in ocean, 334 

 Grade, 61 



Graded plain, 82, 169 

 Graded valley, 83 

 Granitell, 470 

 Granites, 413, 452, 469 

 Granitite, 470 

 Granitoids, 420, 453 

 Granulite, 470 

 Graphite, 426, 463 

 Gravitational energy, 552 

 Gravitational force, 552, 553 

 Gravity, 



a cause of crustal movements, 

 552 



effect on erosion, 113 

 Gray, T. (and Milne, J.), 578 

 Greenland, 



glaciers of, 246 



snow-fields of, 245 



snow-line in, 246 

 Green mud, 380 

 Greensand, 470 

 Greensand marl, 386 

 Greenstone, 419. 47° 

 Greisen, 415, 470 

 Greywacke, 470 

 Ground ice, 119 

 Ground moraine, 301 

 Ground-water, 213-243 



affects internal heat, 570 



amount of, 221 



descent of, 213 



fate of, 221 



lower limit of, 216 



movement of, 220 



