678 



INDEX. 



Ground-water, results of, 226 



solution by, 222, 223 



work of, 222 

 Ground-water and vulcanism, 



635 

 Ground-water level, 71 > 21s 

 Ground- water surface, 71, 215 

 Guano, 646 

 Gulf stream, 366 

 Gullies, growth of, 63 

 Gymnosperms, geologic contri- 

 butions of, 657 

 Gypsiim, deposition of, 376, 377 



Hade of faults, 514 



Hall, Jas., 511 



Hallefiinta, 470 



Halophytes, geologic contribu- 

 tions of, 667 



Hanging valley, 164, 290 



Haliynite, 463 



Hayes, W., 173 



Hayes, W. (and Campbell, M. 

 R.). 171 



Head erosion, 64 



Heat, 



by compression of ice, 311 

 causes crustal movement, 557 

 causes of, in ice, 278, 279 

 distribution of, within earth, 



559 

 distribution, original, 559 

 internal, of earth, 559-570 

 metamorphism by, 446, 448 

 original distribution of, 559 



Heave of faults, 514 



Heilprin, A., 636 



Heim, A., 256, 322, 549, 576 



Hematite, 425, 447, 463 



High-latitude glaciers, 254 



Himalayas, snow-line in, 246 



Historical geology, i 



Hoang-Ho delta, 202, 203 



Hog-backs, 142 



Holden, E. S., 538 



Holmes, W. H., 99 



Holocrystalline rock, 412 



Holosiderites, 5 



Hook (along shore), 363 



Hopkins, W., 322 



Horizontal configuration of 

 coasts, 

 due to deposition, 363, 364 

 due to wave erosion, 353 



Hornblende, 400, 463 



Hornblende-granite, 415 



Hornblendite, 417. 452, 470 



Hornstone, 470 



Horsetails (see Equisetae) 



Hoskins, L. M., 219, 552, 581 



Hot springs, deposits of, 225 



Howell, Capt., 171 



Hudson River, material in solu- 

 tion in, 108 



flugi, F. J., 321 



Hull, E., 636 



Humphreys, A. A. (and Abbot, 

 M. L.), 106, 202 



Huxley, T. H., 322 



Hyalite, 463 



Hydration, 43, 222 



disruption of rock by, iii 

 Hydrophytes, geologic contribu- 

 tions of, 667 

 Hydropshere, the, 7 (see also 

 Ground-water and Ocean) 



geologic activity of, 8 



horizons of activity, 9 

 Hyper sthene, 400, 463 

 Hypogene rocks, 470 



Ice, 



glacial (see Glaciers) 



ground, 119 



of lakes, 389 



of rivers, 118 

 Icebergs, 307 

 Ice-caps, 249, 250 

 Ice crystals, arrangement in 



glacier ice, 311 

 Ice-fall, 264 

 Iceland spar, 463 

 Iddings, J. P., 412, 451, 573, 



614, 636 

 Igneous rocks, 16 



composition of, 395 - 



leading minerals of, 399 



origin of, 393 



relations to stratified rocks, 16 



structural features of, 498 

 Ilmenite, 463 

 Incrustation, 223 

 Infusorial earth, 470 

 Inorganic deposits, in deep sea, 



380 

 Interior of earth, 14 



(see Vulcanism) 



densities, based on Laplace's 

 law, 564 



heat of, 562, 564 



pressures, 564 

 Intermittent springs, 235 

 Internal heat (see Internal tem- 

 perature) 

 Internal temperature, 562 



affected by ground-water, 570 



at centre of earth, 571 



on accretion hypothesis, 564, 

 567 



on convection hypothesis, 559 



on Laplacian hypothesis, 559 

 Intrusions, 591 

 Iron-ore beds, origin, 423 

 Iron oxide, 400 

 Iron pyrites, 463 

 Ironstone, 425, 470 

 Irruptions, 591 

 Isoclinal folds, 504 

 Isoseismals, 532 

 Itacolumite, 470 

 Italy, lateral moraines in, 303 



Jasper, 470 

 Jefferson, M. W., 193 

 Johnson, S. W., 109, 190, 665 

 Johnston-Lavis, H. J., 636 

 Joints, 510 



causes of, 511, 531 



compression, 514 



effect on valleys, 150 



Joints, tension, 514 

 Joints and erosion, 125 

 Judd, J. W., 636 



Kaaterskill Creek, piracy of, 105 

 Kames, 307 



serpentine, 306 

 Kansas, volcanic dust in, 23 

 Kanawha River, 168 

 Kaolin, 463 

 Katamorphism, 446 

 Keith, A., 442, 444 

 Kelvin, Lord, 560, 583 

 Keratophyre, 470 

 Kersantite, 470 

 Keyes, C. R., 474 

 Kidd, D. A., 313 

 Kilauea, 605 

 King, C, 560 

 King, F. H., 220 

 Kittatinny base-level, 168 

 Koto, Dr., 534 

 Krakatoa, 22, 610, 611, 618 

 Kiimmel, H. B., 203 



Labradorite, 400, 429, 464 

 Laccolith, 500, 592 

 Lacustrine deposits, 388 

 Lake ice, 389 

 Lake Pepin, 179 

 Lakes, 386-392 



bayou, 192, 193 



changes taking place in, 387 



delta, 204 



deposits in, 387 



extinct, 388 



formed by rivers, 191, 192, 

 198 



ice of, 389 



oxbow, 192, 198 

 Landslide, 231 



topography of, 230 

 Landslip mountain, 230 

 Lane, A. C, 557, 636 

 Lapilli, 470 



in sea, 381, 405 

 Laplace, Marquis de, 564 

 Laramide range, crustal short- 

 ening due to folding, 549 

 Lateral moraines, 266, 302 



in Bighorn Mountains, 303 



in Italy, 303 



in Uinta Mountains, 303 



in Wasatch Mountains, 303 

 Lateral pressure, metamorphism 



by, 448 

 Laterite, 470 

 Lava cones, 608 

 Lavas, 612-616 



and ground-water, 616 



consanguinity and succession 

 of, 614 



crystallization of, 402, 403 



depth of source of, 616 



modes of reaching surface, 631 



origin of, 623-631 



rhyolitic (flow) structure of, 

 410 



solidification of, 393 



temperatures of, 615, 626 



