256 GENERAL GEOLOGY. 



more numerous, but still not abundant; because in addition 

 to the deep surface deposits, the southerly dip of the strata 

 there coincides so nearly with the southward drainage-slope. 

 Going about nine miles southward from a point in the valley 

 of Middle river, near Winterset, the whole series of beds seen 

 at the last named point, except No. 1, are also found rep- 

 resented in the valley of Clanton's fork of Middle river. 

 Proceeding still further southward, the next exposure we 

 find is on the other side of the Great Watershed, in the 

 valley of Grand river, and about twenty-five miles from 

 Winterset. The strata found exposed here are referred to 

 about the horizon of Nos. 6/0 the base of 11 inclusive, of 

 the Winterset section ;* the higher beds of that section 

 being absent here. 



Following down the river, which has a general course 

 considerably east of south, we find that its slope is a little 

 greater than the general dip of the strata in that direction, in 

 consequence of which it makes its exit from the State with its 

 channel cutting the representative of No. 2 of the Winterset 

 section near its base; or, in other words, nearly upon the 

 upper strata of the Middle coal-measures. If the stream had 

 a general course as much to the westward of south as it 

 has to the eastward of that direction, the slope of the stream 

 and dip of the strata would, no doubt, coincide with each 

 other more nearly than they are now seen to do, because that 

 is the direction of the general dip of the formation. As it is, 

 the course of the stream is obliquely in an opposite direction 

 from the westerly dip, which, in this instance, seems to be 

 slightly increased by being upon the western side of one of 

 the slight northerly and southerly folds or anticlinal axes, 

 before mentioned. In all that space, between Grand river and 

 the East Mshnabotany, there seems to be almost no westerly 

 dip at all, while the southerly dip, as before stated, is almost 



* Among the fossils found in the strata at this locality, are a large proportion of the 

 same species which are figured and relied upon by Dr. Geinitz to prove the Permian, 

 f"nvf)<5ic) age of the strata at Nebraska city and elsewhere in Nebraska. 



