64 



THE WHITE RIVER BADLANDS 

 Analyses of Badland Fossils (Enos) 



Composition 



1 



2 



3 



4 



Silica (SiO ) 



Per cent 

 8.96 



46.30 



1.97 



27.17 



.50 



6.08 



.65 



.08 



Trace 



Per cent 

 2.10 



33.40 



2.80 



20.00 



32.36 



.14 



.80 



Per cent 

 23.78 



20.00 



5.00 

 24.10 



1.44 

 .04 

 .72 



3.80 



Per cent 

 71.80 



2' 



Phosphoric Anhydride 

 (P O ) . 



4.34 



v 25' 

 Iron and Aluminum 



Oxides 



.18 



Lime (CaO) 



8.80 



Magnesia (MgO) 



Soda (Na O) 



3.22 

 2.80 



Potash (K 2 0) 



Baryta (BaO) 



Chlorine (CI) 



Fluorine (F) 



1.16 













Sulphuric Anhydride 



(SO ) 



.56 

 4.65 

 1.40 

 1.17 



.97 

 5.90 

 1.32 



.42 



18.70 



2.04 



.25 



Carbon Dioxide (C0 2 ) . . 

 Water at 110°C 



7.19 



Organic Matter 











Total 



99.49 



99.79 



100.04 



99.74 







Remarks: — 



No. 1 is part of the upper tooth of a brontothere. 



No. 2 is part of lower tooth of a young titanothere. 



No. 3 is part of lower jaw with teeth (oreodon) and matrix. 



No. 4 is a coarse sandstone with clay pebbles and bone frag- 

 ments from Protoceras beds. 



The above specimens are all from the Big Badlands of South 

 Dakota. 



FOSSILS 



Fossils as generally understood are the parts of ani- 

 mals and plants living before the present era that have 

 been buried in the rocks and preserved by natural causes. 

 The manner and degree of preservation vary greatly. The 

 essential thing is the sealing up of the remains in the rocks 

 so that destruction and decay may be prevented. Animals 

 such as the ice-entombed mammals of Siberia and the 

 amber enclosed insects of the Baltic, are practically perfect 

 as the day they were buried, but they are exceptional. Gen- 

 erally only the hard parts, such as bones or teeth, or shells 

 remain. Not infrequently these are replaced particle by 



