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teeth, usually thirty-eight, were large. This is particularly 

 true of the grinders in the upper jaw. (Plate 19 ) . Not infre- 

 quently in the larger species the well-fanged, nearly square 

 upper molars measured more than four inches in diameter. 

 The neck was short and stout and the head in ordinary posi- 

 tion was evidently held declined. The Titanothere was a 

 perissodactyl and a pachyderm. The nature of its thick skin 

 is not positively known, but relying on skeletal characters 

 common to thick-skinned animals, the restorations that have 

 been made are believed upon considerable evidence to be 

 within reasonable limits of accuracy. (Plates 35, 36). 



s I J I 





Figure 54 — First and last known stages in the evolution of the Titan- 

 otheres. (a) Eotitanops. (b) Brontops robustus. Believed to 

 be the most accurately restored Titanotheres published. Osborn, 

 1914. 



Titanothere remains are abundant and several hundred 

 heads have been found but complete skeletons are rare. 

 Hatcher in 1902, gives the total number in the whole country 

 as four, as follows : One in the Carnegie Museum, from War 

 Bonnet creek, northwestern Nebraska one at Yale Univer- 

 sity, from near Chadron; one in the American Museum of 

 Natural History, from the Big Badlands ; and one in Prince- 

 ton Museum from the Big Badlands. Of these the Carnegie 

 Museum skeleton is from the Lower Titanotherium beds, the 

 other three from the Upper Titanotherium beds. 



