114 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [AUGUST 
whose pollen germinated most completely. Of 1003 pollen grains 
placed in 15-1 and 15-3 sugar-agar media, 147 grains (about 15 
per cent) had failed to germinate at the end of 24 hours, and of 
these about half were shrunken and hyaline. 
Data regarding the ability to produce seed are of interest in 
bearing on the condition of femaleness in intersexes. This is a 
point of particular interest in respect to plants classed as hermaph- 
rodites. Lupwic (19) reports that the reduction in stamens seen 
in female plants of Plantago is associated with increased fruit- 
fulness. I have made special observations on 3 plants of the first 
form. In ro16 all of these failed to set any seed to controlled self- 
pollination. In 1917 two of these failed to produce seed to free 
open pollination; the third plant was isolated with a pistillate plant. 
Day after day pollen.of the hermaphrodite was very generously 
shaken over stigmas of both plants. The female plant produced an 
abundance of seed, while not a seed developed on the other. It is 
possible that physiological self- and cross-incompatibilities may 
be operating here (Stout 25), but the various grades of impotence — 
and intersexuality seen in stamens of plants of this species suggest 
that the failure to set seed when pollinated with viable pollen may 
involve impotence of pistils. It is readily observed in the field 
that many plants fail completely to set seed; although pistils are 
present they may be incapable of functioning. Such plants clas- 
sified as of first form are functionally male only. In the highly 
developed stamens and impotent pistils these plants may be 
considered as representing the extreme of maleness seen in this 
species. Some first form plants, however, produce seed in abun- 
dance. 
SECOND FORM HERMAPHRODITE (figs. 4-6, 53).—Plants most 
typical of this class, as thus designated by BARTLETT (2), are 
especially to be distinguished from the first form by the stamens, 
which have shorter filaments and slender yellowish-green anthers. 
In most cases the anthers do not dehisce. There is no excessive 
development of sterile tissue in the stamens. Pollen grains are 
numerous, but the largest are only about half the diameter of the 
largest of the first form; but poor and shrunken grains appear 
to be no more numerous. Attempts to germinate the pollen have 
