T919] STOUT—INTERSEXES 121 
of the same flower. Here, however, the anthers are all quite 
uniform in size and shape. A rather large portion of the apex is 
sterile, but the anther sacs dehisce fully, and about 50 per cent 
of the pollen which they contain appears to be normal. In tests, 
however, only grains of large size germinated, and the tubes 
from these made only a feeble growth. 
No. 39 (figs. 39, 40).—Filaments are here not only of unequal 
length, but all are more or less twisted, and nearly all are ex- 
panded broadly at: the base of the anthers. The upper portions of 
the anthers are leaflike. Anther sacs vary in number and in degree 
of development; all 4 may be in evidence, or there may be only 
2 (fig. 40), but all are more or less rudimentary and none dehisce. 
Nearly 30 per cent of the microspores examined were granular 
and of large size. Of 3 cultures, only 2 grains germinated, and the 
best tube obtained was 0.35 mm. in length. 
No. 41 (figs. 41-43).—In the stamens of this plant the anthers 
are reduced to irregularly sagittate-shaped leafy structures. Such 
structures are often composed only of sterile tissue; in some a 
mere nest of spores develops, but these spores are completely 
imbedded in sterile tissue. In no case was more than one such 
nest found in a stamen. Dissection of fully mature structures 
revealed that the microspores were represented by shriveled cells 
(fig. 43). 
No. 44 (figs. 44, 45).—In this plant the stamens are some- — 
what more leaflike than those just described. Some are completely 
sterile, and usually one nest, but sometimes two, of sporogenous 
tissue may be present in a stamen. Only a few pollen grains 
appear normal when dissected out. 
No. 46 (figs. 46, 47, 48, 56).—A wide range of variation is 
seen among the stamens produced by this plant. All stamens 
in a flower may be completely sterile and foliose, as in fig. 46, 
all may have quite well developed anthers with much good pollen, 
or all grades between these extremes may be present; 4 stamens 
from a single flower are shown in fig. 48, and illustrate very well 
this range. Flowers growing side by side and opening at the 
same date exhibit wide variations and a great mixture of types. 
In several plants under observation this was the condition in all 
