E22 BOTANICAL GAZETTE ‘[AUGUST 
spikes throughout the entire period of bloom. The general ap- 
pearance of typical spikes from such plants is shown in nos. 55 
and 56, but the wide range of stamen forms which are present is 
not clearly shown. The spikes shown in no. 56 also show the 
excessive growth which stigmas frequently make. It has been 
suggested that this occurs when pollination and fertilization have 
not been effected, and that successful pollination inhibits such 
growth. It is possible, however, that such growth is an indica- 
tion of loss of femaleness. Studies are now in progress to deter- 
mine especially the functional potentiality of pistils of plants for 
which this phenomenon is very general. 
SuMMARY.—The flowers described and illustrated for plants 
36-47 show that wide variations exist in the development of 
stamens among various flowers of a plant, or even among stamens 
of a single flower. The range is in some cases almost identical 
with the extremes seen for plants as wholes (nos. 1-35). This 
statement refers to the flowers produced in the lower two-thirds 
of the spikes. It may be noted that the range is greater for such 
a plant as no. 46 than for one like 36 or 37. This variation is 
not identical with the tendency for the last flowers of a spike to 
be different from earlier flowers. Here there is a marked mixture 
throughout the spikes. 
NATURAL DISTRIBUTION 
In the fields in and about the New York Botanical Garden 
P. lanceolata is so abundant that it often dominates the vegeta- 
tion over a considerable area. Here plants that approach the 
first form are most numerous; female plants corresponding to 
the type described as nos. 7 and 9 are abundant; and there are 
thousands of plants which are in some degree intermediate between. 
these extremes. Many plants with mixed flowers are to be found. | 
With respect to vegetation characters and to general size and 
shape of spikes, extremely wide variations are everywhere in 
evidence. 
by Lupwic and Correns for Germany, and by Barrett in the 
vicinity of Washington, D.C., indicate that much the same range 
The variations in flower forms noted by Darwin for England, : 
