124 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [AUGUST 
from sterility of the type classed as impotent (Stout 25), which 
results very frequently from hybridization. In sterility of hybrids’ 
there is poor development of both sets of sex organs; stamens 
and pistils are both affected very uniformly, and the tendency 
is to give complete sterility. In intersexuality loss of sex develop- 
ment for one sex is not necessarily associated with similar loss in 
the expression of the other sex. In fact, the opposite condition is 
the normal one for such cases. 
In P. lanceolata the so-called “first form” is very high in its 
grade of maleness, and it is in these plants apparently that seed 
production is noticeably low. As already stated, such plants may 
fail to set any seed. ‘They have maleness well developed, but func- 
tional femaleness may be lost, although pistils are present. Like- 
wise in the most marked cases of loss of maleness the degree of 
femaleness may be high, as is seen in the plants classed as females. 
Darwin (7) reports that females in certain gynodioecious species 
(Thymus serpyllum, T. vulgaris, and Satureia hortensis) are much 
more productive of seed than the hermaphrodites, and that thus 
the species produces more seed than if all were hermaphrodites, 
a condition to which he attaches evolutionary significance in the 
formation and separation of the two sex forms. CorRENS (5), 
however, reports that the hermaphrodites of S. horlensis are more 
productive of fruit and seeds than the females. 
If it is found that in P. lanceolata femaleness also varies in 
the degree of its expression, it is quite probable that increased 
maleness is correlated in the individual with decreased female- 
ness. Still it is also possible that the variations are such that 
both decreased maleness and femaleness may be present in the . 
same individuals, that individuals may be intermediate for both, 
and that both maleness and femaleness may be well developed, 
giving full hermaphrodites. All these conditions, it appears, are 
represented in the groups of intersexes studied by GOLDSCHMIDT, 
Banta, and’ by Davey and Grsson. Such facts go far toward 
establishing the fundamental similarity between sex characters and 
every other class of structures as functional hereditary characters. 
It is the tendency to a differential loss of one sex that distin- 
guishes intersexuality from sterility (impotence) resulting from 
