224 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Dec., 
SCROPHULARIACEZH OF THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES 
BY FRANCIS W. PENNELL. 
The present revision of the species of the Scrophulariaceze occur- 
ring in the southeastern portion of the United States, from North 
Carolina to Florida and westward to the Mississippi River, is the 
outgrowth of a long-continued and especial interest. Nearly fifteen 
years ago, when the writer was a student in the Botanical Section 
of The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, certain prob- 
lems in this field appeared, and have waited for the solutions now 
proposed. Perhaps this early connection will make more fitting - 
the appearance of this paper in these PROCEEDINGS. 
During the late summers and early autumns of 1912 and 1913, I 
collected extensively through every state of this area. This was in 
pursuit of a monographic study of the genera now called Macran- 
thera, Dasistoma, Afzelia, Aureolaria, Agalinis and Otophylla. Nearly 
every species was found, and descriptions made of the form and color 
of the corolla of each. Later, almost every herbarium of significance 
for these species has been reviewed, and the results are presented 
with some confidence. A preliminary paper, dealing with the 
species of the Coastal Plain, was published in the “‘ Torrey Bulletin” 
in 1913, and a summary of this group for North America is now 
awaiting publication in the Contributions from the Botanical Labor- 
atory of the University of Pennsylvania. 
In the course of these two trips many collections were made of the 
nearly related Buchnera, and, less consistently, attention was given 
to other genera of the family. But, to obtain field-descriptions and 
to collect for the first time the spring-flowering species, another trip 
was necessary. In the Spring of 1917 I traveled as far south as Key 
West, and from the Coast into the Appalachians. The expedition 
was peculiarly successful, so that now, excepting for a few local species 
of the lowland, as Herpestis rotundifolia and several of Agalinis, or of 
the upland, as Ilysanthes saxicola and Penstemon smallii, or of the 
mountains in late summer, as Chelone lyoni, practically every species 
has been described from flowering plants. 
Excluding Agalinis and its allies, specimens preserved in eastern 
herbaria only have been reviewed. I have studied all in the her- 
