WILLIAMS: CALYMPERACEAE OF NORTH AMERICA 385 
CALYMPERES Sw. (?Weber f. Tab. Calypt. Operc. 1813) 
in Schwaegr. Suppl. 17: 333. 1816 
Dioicous: plants mostly of medium size, growing in compact 
tufts with erect, often dichotomous stems, radiculose at the base. 
Stem-leaves when dry mostly strongly incurved or crispate and 
subtubulose above the erect, clasping, usually broader and con- 
spicuously white base, the leaf-point varying from lanceolate to 
lingulate or ligulate with apex often broad. Costa stout, vanishing 
just below the apex or more or less excurrent, often enlarged and 
bearing propagula in dense clusters at the apex, from smooth to 
rough on both sides, sometimes spinose, in cross-section showing 
from one to three rows of guide-cells with stereid bands above and 
below and outer cells mostly differentiated. Leaf-margin usually 
more or less thickened and serrate or sometimes with two serrate 
wings. Ribbon-like bands of green, elongate cells (teniolae), 
occasionally wanting, extend just within the margin from base to 
near apex in some species, in others only for a short distance 
in the upper basal part of leaf. Cells of upper blade roundish to 
angular, sometimes shortly elongate, chlorophyllose, often rather 
obscure, mostly mamillose on upper side and smooth to somewhat 
mamillose and often papillose on under side; hyaline, rectangular 
or nearly square cells (cancellinae), usually filling most of basal 
or sheathing part of leaf, except a narrow border, and changing 
abruptly into the green cells of blade above (except in S. fluviatile 
which lacks cancellinae). Peristome none. Capsule oblong to 
cylindric, smooth, on an erect, more or less elongate seta. Calyp- 
tra persistent, plicate, rough in upper part, embracing the base 
of capsule and split on sides only part way down to the base. 
[PLATE 17,] 
Type species: Calymperes lonchophyllum Schwaegr. .. 
With cancellinae; teniolae usually present. 
Leaf-cells not transversely elongate ol blade 
above cancellinae; the spreading blade more or less 
crispate when dry and not more than 3 or 4 times 
longer than clasping basal ate guide-cells of costa 
in one row except in C. cubens 
Leaf-margin distinctly LEAN throughout upper 
part of leaf or entire and basal part somewhat 
serrulate. 
Teniolae extending to or above the middle of leaf. 
Green cells of blade mostly up to 7 or 8y in 
diameter and in about forty rows or less 
from costa to margin in widest part of leaf. 
Mamillose cells not terminating in small 
papillae; teniolae only two or three 
