peale.] DESCEIPTIVE GEOLOGY — SALT EIVER EANGE. 549 



These prove the Carboniferous age of these limestones, and it is prob- 

 able that they represent the Coal-Measures. They are higher than the 

 beds of Yirginia Peak and below the beds in which fossils were found 

 on the ridge north of Station 5Q. So much has the range been folded 

 and eroded that the more definite place of the beds cannot be deter- 

 mined with the limited data at our command. 



Station 58 is located about 13 miles south of Glacier Creek. The 

 range here appears to be somewhat broader, and instead of two anticli- 

 nals, we have here three. The section through the station is represented 

 in an accompanying figure. On the station is an outcrop of quartzite, 

 which, as we trace it north, is seen to dip west, instead of east, as on 

 the station and as shown in the figure. 



Five miles north of the station, therefore, the broad synclinal noted 

 on Glacier Creek is still preserved. It is occupied by red sandstones 

 that lie above the shaly and laminated sandstones and limestones of 

 Station 56. The beds on the east side of the synclinal have a dip of 

 about 65° and the west side 45° to 50°. The western anticlinal is here 

 marked by high peaks, the line of the peaks being formed principally 

 by the eastern members of the fold. The axis, therefore, lies to the 

 westward of the peaks, and, as seen from Station 58, the western side 

 appeared to be very steep, the beds having an inclination of 70°, and 

 those on the west an angle of only 25°. Following this fold southward, 

 we find that opposite the point where the secondary anticlinal branches 

 off, there is considerable crushing of the beds. The eastern side of the 

 fold is made up of the limestones below the quartzite of Station 58. They 

 have dips of 78° and 85°, and appear to be crushed against the beds on 

 the western side, which dip west 45°. 



Following it south still farther we see it becoming more gentle and 

 perfectly preserved, the axes east of the station being marked by several 

 round-topped peaks. On the south side of Eed Creek it is marked by 

 two high and prominent peaks. The dip of the beds is only 25°, but, in 

 addition to the limestones north of Eed Creek, the overlying shales and 

 sands and red sandstones are present. The fold becomes much less 

 abrupt and probably disappears west of Mount Wagner. It has been 

 persistent all along the west side of the range, but at Mount Wagner 

 the secondary fold of Station 58 appears to have become the principal 

 one, and forms the west side of the range. Taking up this fold, we find it 

 branching from the principal fold about four miles north of the station. 

 The limestones and quartzites which a little farther north form the 

 eastern side of the main western anticlinal, dipping 50° to eastward, 

 gradually become vertical, and even turn until they dip westward. The 

 principal bed, by the curving or overturning of which this fold could be 

 traced, was the quartzitic of the station. Two and a half miles north 

 it dipped west 55°, and the limestones that in the broad synclinal north 

 form the centre now stand on end. This, therefore, as is evident from 

 the sections, cannot be a true fold, but an upturning of the beds, and 

 the valley west of the station must mark the line of a fault, and the 

 quartzite of the station is really a lower bed than the limestone which 

 lies below it. 



Following south of Eed Creek, we have seen that the anticlinal to the 

 west has broadened, and that between the line of faulting and the anti- 

 clinal there is a broad synclinal. As we approach the eastern side of 

 the synclinal the beds become steeper and steeper (increasing from an 

 almost horizontal position to 40°), and the faulting is gradually becoming 

 a well-defined anticlinal fold. The beds appear to have regained their 

 natural position four miles south of the station. At Mount Wagner the 



