608 REPORT UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 



here niuch depressed. The strata are mainly nearly level, only the portion nearest 

 the valley having a westerly dip, which at some points reaches 40°. About nineteen 

 miles above Hampton's Bridge the mountain rises again and the Tertiaries disappear 

 again, exposing the face of the lower limestone, which has now risen so as to form 

 the entire mass of the mountain. At the junction of the two series of strata it is evi- 

 dent that the Tertiaries lie unconformably upon the older limestones, many layers of 

 which are here crowded with fragments of trilobites and other fossils, which are 

 plainly of the age of the Quebec Group. * .-. * * As we approach Malade City the 

 mountain becomes higher and more precipitous, a point about three miles south of 

 that place being found to be about 2,500 feet above the river. Of this total, about 

 2,000 feet are exposed in the face of the mountain, the terraces being mostly washed 

 avray. All the strata exposed belong to the Quebec Group, and consist mainly of 

 limestones, though including, perhaps, 200 feet wall of sandstones, partly shaly, but 

 mostly thick-bedded and quartzitic, as well as an indeterminate amount of inter- 

 laminated greenish calcareous shales. The uppermost limestones are compact and 

 full of nodules and layers of chert ; the lower ones vary greatly, from pure compact 

 to coarsely fragmentary, to a fine-grained siliceous, and to oolitic and coarsely con- 

 cretionary forms. The colors vary from drab to blue, gray, buff, flesh-color, and pale 

 red, sometimes uniform, sometimes mottled and streaked. 



These beds are all probably higher than the quartzites observed on 

 Station 132, and seem to correspond closely to the beds of Section No. 

 21 made at Station 133. The fossils from the latter place seem to 

 prove their identity. North of the north end of the subrange just de- 

 scribed, quartzites, with Quebec limestones overlying, outcrop with dips 

 to eastward with an angle of 40° or 50°. These beds extend to the 

 divide between Malade and Marsh Creek, and just north of the divide 

 they dip north 27° east. The region between this ridge and Station 130 

 is father heavily timbered, and I am not certain as to the relations of 

 these quartzites and limestones with those of Station 130. The station 

 was too high to determine them. I could not see the dark-green beds 

 outcropping on the west. It is possible there may be a fault here, but 

 nothing was seen that indicated it. Between the two portions of the 

 range I am inclined to think there is a synclinal which has been much 

 eroded, leaving the present ranges as remnants. These, without doubt, 

 formed islands in the Pliocene lake and towered also above the Quater- 

 nary lakes that bathed their slopes still later. What the relations of 

 the dark chloritic slates of Station 132 are to the beds of the section (No. 

 22) made at Station 78, I cannot say. The quartzites above resemble 

 those above the argillaceous slates at Station 77, but the green beds 

 are very different. There is scarcely any doubt, however, of their being 

 referable to the Cambrian in both cases. I think the limestones of Eed 

 Eock Gap are below the quartzites that lie below the section of Station 

 133. A little more study of these localities will render clear what are at 

 present problems and matters of conjecture. I can only hope to point 

 out the localities and state the facts as far as observed by myself, leav- 

 ing it to others to work up the minor details, which will prove to be the 

 connecting links, and which will inake clear the points that are now so 

 obscure. 



MALADE VALLEY. 



Malade Yalley, within our district, has a length of about 40 miles. The 

 upper portion is basin-like, having a width of about 10 miles. After the 

 various streams unite at the lower end of this basin the valley narrows 

 to some four or five miles. The principal town is Malade City, with a 

 population of 591 in 1870 ; the present population is greater. The town 

 is the county-seat of Oneida County ; Samaria is a town on the west side 

 of the valley at the foot of the hills. In the lower portion of the valley 

 there are two small settlements, viz, Portage and Plymouth. The 

 entire population of the valley is 994 (census of 1870). The Malade 



