PKEHENSION OF FOOD. 233 



which in the cat tribe acquire especial hardness. The arrangement 

 of these papillae is characteristic of the different animals. Four kinds 

 of papillae have been recognized, — the filiform, or thread-like; the 

 mushroom-shape, or fungiform ; the conical ; and the so-called circum- 

 vallate papillae, which are in shape similar to the fungiform papillae, 



Pig. 82.— Tongue of Hokse. (.Gamgee.) Fig. 83.— Tongue of Ox. (Gamgee.) 



but which are surrounded by a circular groove. By the distribution 

 of these papilla? the tongue of the horse can readily be distinguished 

 from that of the ox,— a point of some consequence, since horses' tongues 

 are sometimes sold in the market as beef-tongues. The tongue of the 

 horse is long, with a well-marked middle depression, or raphe, with a 



