120 BURROWING OWL. 



it unnecessary that our bird should dig for himself, as he is said to do in 

 other parts of the world, where no burrowing animals exist. These villages 

 are very numerous and variable in their extent, sometimes covering only a 

 few acres, and at others spreading over the surface of the country for miles 

 together. They are composed of slightly elevated mounds, having the form 

 of a truncated cone, about two feet in width at base, and seldom rising as 

 high as eighteen inches above the surface of the soil. The entrance is placed 

 either at the top or on the side, and the whole mound is beaten down exter- 

 nally, especially at the summit, resembling a much used foot-path. 



"From the entrance, the passage into the mound descends vertically for 

 one or two feet, and is thence continued obliquely downwards, until it ter- 

 minates in an apartment, within which the industrious Marmot constructs, 

 on the approach of the cold season, the comfortable cell for his winter's sleep. 

 This cell, which is composed of fine dry grass, is globular in form, with an 

 opening at top capable of admitting the finger; and the whole is so firmly 

 compacted, that it might, without injury, be rolled over the floor. 



"It is delightful, during fine weather, to see these lively little creatures 

 sporting about the entrance of their burrows, which are always kept in the 

 neatest repair, and are often inhabited by several individuals. When alarmed, 

 they immediately take refuge in their subterranean chambers, or, if the 

 dreaded danger be not immediately impending, they stand near the brink of 

 the entrance, bravely barking and flourishing their tails, or else sit erect to 

 reconnoitre the movements of the enemy. * * 



"In all these prairie villages, the Burrowing Owl is seen moving briskly 

 about, or else in small flocks scattered among the mounds, and, at a distance, 

 it may be mistaken for the Marmot itself when sitting erect. They manifest 

 but little timidity, and allow themselves to be approached sufficiently close 

 for shooting; but, if alarmed, some or all of them soar away, and settle down 

 again at a short distance. If further disturbed, their flight is continued until 

 they are no longer in view, or they descend into their dwellings, whence 

 they are difficult to dislodge. 



"The burrows into which these Owls have been seen to descend, on the 

 plains of the river Platte, where they are most numerous, were evidently 

 excavated by the Marmot, whence it has been inferred by Say, that they 

 were either common, though unfriendly residents of the same habitation, or 

 that our Owl was the sole occupant of a burrow acquired by the right of 

 conquest. The evidence of this was clearly presented by the ruinous con- 

 dition of the burrows tenanted by the Owl, which were frequently caved in, 

 and their sides channelled by the rains, while the neat and well-preserved 

 mansion of the Marmot shewed the active care of a skilful and industrious 

 owner. We have no evidence that the Owl and Marmot habitually resort to 



