242 THE AMERICAN REDSTART. 



with 2 dimidiate; its muscles as in the other species, but the inferior laryn- 

 geal proportionally a little larger; bronchi of about 12 half rings. 



American Redstart, Muscicapa ruticilla, Wils. Amer. Orn., vol. i. p. 103. 

 Muscicapa ruticilla, Bonap. Syn., p. 68. 



American Redstart, Muscicapa ruticilla, Aud. Amer. Orn., vol. i. p. 202; vol. v. p. 428. 

 American Redstart, Muscicapa ruticilla, Nutt. Man., vol. i. p. 291. 



Second and third quills equal and longest, fourth longer than first; tail 

 rounded. Male with the head, neck all round, fore part of breast, and back, 

 glossy bluish-black; sides of the breast, lower wing-coverts, a patch on the 

 wings formed by the margins of the primaries and the basal half of most of 

 the secondaries, together with three-fourths of both webs of the outer four 

 tail-feathers on each side, and the outer web of the next, bright orange-red; 

 abdomen and lower tail-coverts white. Female with the ur^per parts yellow- 

 ish-brown; the head grey; the quills greyish-brown; the tail darker; the parts 

 yellow which in the male are bright orange; the rest of the lower parts white, 

 tinged with yellow. Young similar to the female, more grey above, and with 

 less yellow beneath. 



Male, 5, 6^. Female. 



Throughout the United States. Abundant. Migratory. 



The Virginian Hornbeam, or Iron-wood Tree. 

 Ostrya virginica, Willd., Sp. PL, vol. iv. p. 469. Pursh, Flor. Amer., vol. ii. p. 623. — 



MoNffiCIA PoLYANDRIA, Linn. AMENTACE^, JuSS. 



This species is distinguished by its ovato-oblong leaves, which are some- 

 what cordate at the base, unequally serrated and acuminate, and its twin, 

 ovate, acute cones. It is a small tree, attaining a height of from twenty to 

 thirty feet, and a diameter of about one foot. The wood is white, and close 

 grained. The common name in America is iron-wood, which it receives on 

 account of the great hardness of the wood. 



