J32 WINTER WREN. 



Winter Wren, Sylvia Troglodytes, Wils. Amer. Orn., vol. i. p. 139. 



Troglodytes europjeus, Bonap. Syn., p. 93. 



Troglodytes hyemalis, Winter Wren, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer., vol. ii. p. 318. 



Winter Wren, Troglodytes hyemalis, Nutt. Man., vol. i. p. 427. 



Winter Wren, Troglodytes hyemalis, Aud. Orn. Biog., vol. iv. p. 430. 



Adult Male. 



Bill rather long, slender, tapering, acute, nearly straight, subtrigonal at 

 the base, compressed towards the end. Upper mandible with the dorsal out- 

 line slightly arched, the ridge narrow, the sides sloping at the base, towards 

 the end slightly convex and erect, the edges sharp, direct, without notse; 

 lower mandible with the angle narrow and rather acute, the dorsal outline 

 straight, the back narrow, the edges sharp and inflected, the tip very narrow; 

 the gape-line very slightly arched. Nostrils linear-oblong, basal. 



Head ovate, of moderate size, neck short; body ovate. Feet of ordinary 

 length; tarsus compressed, with seven anterior scutella, of which the upper 

 are indistinct; toes rather large, compressed; first large, and much longer 

 than the two lateral, which are equal, the third much longer; the third and 

 fourth coherent as far as the second joint of the latter. Claws long, arched, 

 extremely compressed, laterally grooved, acute. 



Plumage soft and blended; no bristle-feathers at the base of the bill. 

 Wing shortish, broad, much rounded; first quill very small, being little more 

 than half the length of the second, which is 2\ twelfths shorter than the 

 third; the fourth longest, and exceeding the third by half a twelfth, and the 

 fourth by somewhat less; secondaries long, rounded. Tail short, much 

 rounded, of twelve slightly arched, weak rounded feathers. 



Bill dusky brown, with the basal edges of the upper and two-thirds of the 

 lower mandible paler. Iris brown. Tarsi and toes pale greenish-brown, as 

 are the claws. The general colour of the upper parts is reddish-brown, 

 darker on the head, brighter on the tail-coverts, quills, and tail. There is a 

 white spot near the tips of the posterior dorsal feathers. The secondary 

 coverts, and the first small coverts, have each a white spot at the tip. The 

 wing-coverts and quills banded with blackish-brown and brownish-red, the 

 bands of the latter colour becoming reddish-white on the outer five quills. 

 Tail with twelve dusky-bands. The dorsal feathers and scapulars are more 

 faintly barred in the same manner. A brownish-white band from the upper 

 mandible over the eye; the cheeks brown, spotted with brownish-white, the 

 margins of the feathers being of the former colour; the lower parts pale 

 reddish-brown, the sides and abdomen barred with brownish-black and grey- 

 ish-white; the fore neck and breast more faintly barred; the lower wing- 

 coverts and axillars greyish-white, barred with dusky; the lower tail-coverts 

 brownish-red, barred with dusky and having the tip white. 



